Design and demonstration of a miniature catheter for a confocal microendoscope

Rouse, Andrew R.; Kano, Angelique; Udovich, Joshua A.; Kroto, Shona M.; Gmitro, Arthur F.

doi:10.1364/ao.43.005763

Cited by 112 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, unlike in lenses or GRIN fibers, only intensity information is transmitted. This limitation can hinder miniaturization if one desires a built-in focusing mechanism that does not require moving the entire imaging head, because such a mechanism has to be engineered within the optics proximal to the specimen 25,30,31 . Many devices based on fiber bundles lack such focal capability, sacrificing functionality for size reduction 39,40,42 .…”

Section: Fiber Bundlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of optical demagnification between image and object planes, a focal shift of ~100 micrometers in the tissue often requires movement of focusing optics over millimeter-sized distances, beyond the range of small piezoelectric actuators. For flexible modalities that require distal focusing, one can use a hydraulic or pneumatic system to move the end of a fiber with respect to the objective optics when a fluid is injected into or withdrawn from a reservoir 25,30,31 . Another lightweight approach relies on a miniature motor to alter the distance between the fiber and the imaging optics 38 .…”

Section: Focusing Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such probes and accompanying imaging systems are now commercially available. By comparison, fiber bundle confocal endoscopes with remotely controlled distal focusing and miniature objective lenses exist with outer diameters as small as 3 mm 30 . With either variety, a descanning pinhole rejects out-of-focus fluorescence to achieve optical sectioning.…”

Section: Confocal Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image-guiding bundles maintain the relative arrangements of the individual fibers throughout the length of the bundle, allowing transmission of an intensity image in pixilated form. Such bundles are commercially available and are commonly used for both epifluorescence 59 and scanning confocal or two-photon imaging 19,23,25,30,31,39,40,42,[60][61][62] . However, unlike in lenses or GRIN fibers, only intensity information is transmitted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning a line of excitation light across the bundle (Fig. 2b) boosts the image-acquisition rate, enabling video-rate imaging, although one must then use a descanning slit that does not reject out-of-focus light along the slit's linear dimension 25,30,31 . …”

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confidence: 99%

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Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging

et al. 2005

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Optical fibers guide light between separate locations and enable new types of fluorescence imaging. Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging systems include portable handheld microscopes, flexible endoscopes well suited for imaging within hollow tissue cavities and microendoscopes that allow minimally invasive high-resolution imaging deep within tissue. A challenge in the creation of such devices is the design and integration of miniaturized optical and mechanical components. Until recently, fiber-based fluorescence imaging was mainly limited to epifluorescence and scanning confocal modalities. Two new classes of photonic crystal fiber facilitate ultrashort pulse delivery for fiber-optic two-photon fluorescence imaging. An upcoming generation of fluorescence imaging devices will be based on microfabricated device components.Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging has become increasingly versatile over the last decade as fiber-based devices have declined in size but gained in functionality. Three classes of applications in live animal and human subjects provide the primary motivations for innovation in fiber-optic imaging. First, basic research on biological and disease processes would benefit enormously from instrumentation that permits cellular imaging under conditions in which conventional light microscopy cannot be used. Many cell types reside within hollow tissue tracts or deep within solid organs that are inaccessible to optical imaging without devices that can reach such locations in a minimally invasive manner. Flexible fiber-optic devices also allow handheld imaging and imaging in freely moving animals 1 . Second, fiber devices might be implanted within live subjects for long-term imaging studies. This capability will not only benefit research on the cellular effects of aging, development or experience, but also will lead to new in vivo assays for testing of drugs and therapeutics. By allowing examination of cells concurrently with observation of disease symptoms and animal behavior, fiber-optic imaging will permit studies correlating cellular properties and disease outcome in individual subjects over time and could reduce the numbers of animals needed. A third set of applications concerns development of minimally invasive clinical diagnostics and surgical procedures 2 . Although much work remains, fiber-optic instrumentation has already broadened the applicability of in vivo fluorescence imaging.The seeds for development of fiber optic in vivo imaging were planted by early uses of fiberoptics and fluorescence for chemical sensing and spectroscopy, including classic work on detection of intracellular redox states [3][4][5] . Use of fiber optics for remote sensing and spectroscopy remains strong today 6 , and has expanded to include bioluminescence detection 7 . The recent proliferation of fluorescent probes has widened the set of potential uses © 2005 Nature Publishing Group Correspondence should be addressed to M.J.S (mschnitz@stanford.edu). COMPETING INTERESTS STATEMENTThe authors declare that they have no co...

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Section: Fiber Bundlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Focusing Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging

et al. 2005

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High‐Resolution Confocal Endomicroscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection

Liu

Hardy

Contag

2011

Advances in Optical Imaging for Clinical Medicine

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Scanning fiber endoscopy with highly flexible, 1 mm catheterscopes for wide‐field, full‐color imaging

Lee

Engelbrecht

Soper

et al. 2010

Journal of Biophotonics

254

227

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In modern endoscopy, wide field of view and full color are considered necessary for navigating inside the body, inspecting tissue for disease and guiding interventions such as biopsy or surgery. Current flexible endoscope technologies suffer from reduced resolution when device diameter shrinks. Endoscopic procedures today using coherent fiber bundle technology, on the scale of 1 mm, are performed with such poor image quality that the clinician’s vision meets the criteria for legal blindness. Here, we review a new and versatile scanning fiber imaging technology and describe its implementation for ultrathin and flexible endoscopy. This scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) or catheterscope enables high quality, laser-based, video imaging for ultrathin clinical applications while also providing new options for in vivo biological research of subsurface tissue and high resolution fluorescence imaging.

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Design and demonstration of a miniature catheter for a confocal microendoscope

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging

Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging

High‐Resolution Confocal Endomicroscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection

Scanning fiber endoscopy with highly flexible, 1 mm catheterscopes for wide‐field, full‐color imaging

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