Design and Demonstration of a TDD-Based Central-Coordinated Resource-Reserved Multiple Access (CRMA) Scheme for Bidirectional VLC Networking

Chen, Qiguan; Han, Dahai; Zhang, Min; Ghassemlooy, Zabih; Boucouvalas, Anthony C.; Zhang, Zhiguo; Li, Tongyao; Jiang, Xiaotian

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3049004

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…We assume that there are un UDs that need to access the wireless network in the hybrid 6G architecture and that the channel of each VLC AP is shared by the UDs in a general time-division duplex (TDD) mode [16]. APi denotes the ith AP in the environment, the number of UDs accessing APi is represented by ui,t (um ≥ ui,t ≥ 1), and um is the maximum number of UDs that can access a single AP simultaneously.…”

Section: System Model Of Vlc In a Hybrid 6g Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Handover Mechanism for VLC in a Hybrid 6G Network Architecture

et al. 2021

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Visible light communication (VLC) is considered an important complementary technology for extremely high sixth-generation (6G) data transmission and has become part of a hybrid 6G indoor network architecture with an ultradense deployment of VLC access points (APs) that presents severe challenges to user mobility. An adaptive handover mechanism, which includes a seamless handover protocol and a selection algorithm optimized with a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method, is proposed to overcome these challenges. Experimental simulation results reveal that the average downlink data rate with the proposed algorithm is up to 48% better than those with traditional RL algorithms and that this algorithm also outperforms the deep Q-network (DQN), Sarsa and Q-learning algorithms by 8%, 13% and 13%, respectively. INDEX TERMS 6G, visible light communication (VLC), handover, deep reinforcement learning (DRL).

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Section: System Model Of Vlc In a Hybrid 6g Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Handover Mechanism for VLC in a Hybrid 6G Network Architecture

et al. 2021

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“…To provide high-rate indoor access to the users, one of the promising solutions is to utilise the low-cost and illuminating LEDs as access points (APs) for downlink data transmissions [1,2]. This technique is known as visible light communications (VLC) and it is thoroughly studied in the literature from different perspectives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The weak signal power received from reflected paths and susceptibility of the OWC to blockages, however, makes it hard to provide almost even quality of service in different locations in a room using OWC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, in contrast to RF waves that can be easily eavesdropped, due to the directive and limited free space propagation range of the optical signals, optical wireless communication (OWC) has gained research and practical interests to provide safer, that is, non-electromagnetic radiations, high-rate, reliable and secure communications.To provide high-rate indoor access to the users, one of the promising solutions is to utilise the low-cost and illuminating LEDs as access points (APs) for downlink data transmissions [1,2]. This technique is known as visible light communications (VLC) and it is thoroughly studied in the literature from different perspectives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The weak signal power received from reflected paths and susceptibility of the OWC to blockages, however, makes it hard to provide almost even quality of service in different locations in a room using OWC.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently, an all-optical wireless bidirectional multiple access scheme for the VLC access points is proposed in ref. [11] which uses centralised coordination and reservation of resources to reduce the system complexity and guarantee collision avoidance during data transmission. The idea of the classical wireless cellfree massive MIMO system [12,13] is also employed for the VLC system to improve system performance and provide more uniform service to all the served users [14].…”

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Fairness analysis of indoor multi‐user communications through steerable IR‐beam

Masoumi

Johar

Salehiyan

et al. 2023

IET Optoelectronics

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Downlink data transmission of multi-user indoor optical wireless communications and its corresponding fairness analysis is studied by the authors. It is assumed that access points (APs) may use infrared beam (IR-beam) laser or light emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmissions. For the case of APs with IR-beams, since the bandwidth of the transmitted optical signal can be very large than that of the LED's, a typical time-division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is utilised to serve multiple users and the respective achievable rates are derived. Then, for a general fairness-scheduling utility function with the capability of adjusting the degree of fairness known as α-proportional fairness, optimal timesharing coefficients are analytically derived in closed-forms. To compare the performance of the IR-based communications for the LED-based APs, two non-cooperative and cooperative data transmission schemes are also studied and the corresponding achievable rates are presented based on the classical superposition coding. Finally, to compare the performance of the two types of APs, per user data rate of the proposed systems are compared through numerical results for different scenarios to highlight advantages and drawbacks of the two types of APs. Also, by considering the Jain's index as a fairness metric, the impact of the system parameters on the fairness is discussed through numerical results. K E Y W O R D S 5G mobile communication, laser beam applications, optical communication | INTRODUCTIONThanks to the large bandwidth of optical signals, it is possible to provide users with high-data rate access via wireless optical signaling instead of the radio frequency (RF) . Also, in contrast to RF waves that can be easily eavesdropped, due to the directive and limited free space propagation range of the optical signals, optical wireless communication (OWC) has gained research and practical interests to provide safer, that is, non-electromagnetic radiations, high-rate, reliable and secure communications.To provide high-rate indoor access to the users, one of the promising solutions is to utilise the low-cost and illuminating LEDs as access points (APs) for downlink data transmissions [1,2]. This technique is known as visible light communications (VLC) and it is thoroughly studied in the literature from different perspectives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The weak signal power received from reflected paths and susceptibility of the OWC to blockages, however, makes it hard to provide almost even quality of service in different locations in a room using OWC. Therefore, it is essential to optimise the design parameters such that all users are evenly served no matter where in the room they are located. Hence, in this paper, we aim to analyse ways to fairly serve users in different locations of a room. Now we provide a literature review of the existing works for VLC. In ref [3], the maximisation of the achievable downlink sum-rate of a VLC-based distributed multiple-input multipleoutput (D-MIMO) communications under p...

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“…Among the OWC approaches, visible light communication (VLC) is an attractive choice for indoor networks because of its capability to combine lighting and communications while using low-cost narrow bandwidth light-emitting diodes (LEDs), also known as light-fidelity (Li-Fi) [6]. Recent works have demonstrated the feasibility of OFDM transmission with data rates of 15.7 Gbps, employing off-the-shelf LEDs [7]; allowing multiuser access, interference mitigation, and mobility support [8,9]; and enabling 100 Gbps LiFi access network [10] when laser-based lighting or micro-LEDs are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid POF/VLC Links Based on a Single LED for Indoor Communications

2021

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A hybrid fiber/wireless link based on a single visible LED and free of opto-electronic intermediate conversion stages has been demonstrated for indoor communications. This paper shows the main guidelines for proper coupling in fiber/air/detector interfaces. Experimental demonstration has validated the design results with very good agreement between geometrical optics simulation and received optical power measurements. Different signal bandwidths and modulation formats, i.e., QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, have been transmitted over 1.5 m polymer optical fiber (POF) and 1.5 m free-space optics (FSO). Throughputs up to 294 Mb/s using a 64-QAM signal have been demonstrated using a commercial LED, which paves the way for massive deployment in industrial applications.

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Design and Demonstration of a TDD-Based Central-Coordinated Resource-Reserved Multiple Access (CRMA) Scheme for Bidirectional VLC Networking

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Handover Mechanism for VLC in a Hybrid 6G Network Architecture

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Handover Mechanism for VLC in a Hybrid 6G Network Architecture

Fairness analysis of indoor multi‐user communications through steerable IR‐beam

Hybrid POF/VLC Links Based on a Single LED for Indoor Communications

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