Design and cognitive evaluation of 6 dynamic lane departure warning symbols

Abstract

The most considerable result of the current study was the match between the symbol with the highest ratings and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-related icon in appearance. Because previous studies demonstrated a strong correlation between comprehension scores of the symbol and both semantic closeness and meaningfulness, high-level comprehensibility of the best ranked symbol is expected.

Communicating Risks and Food Procedures through a Visual Poster for Caregivers of Patients with Dysphagia in Inpatient Care: Usability and Impact

“…Overall, the poster, which was previously validated by a panel of experts and laypeople, had positive results in terms of readability (including understandability) and usefulness among its target population, i.e., caregivers of patients with dysphagia across a range of education levels. Thus, this study adds caregivers of patients with dysphagia to previous research also reporting positive uses of visual signs among staff, including in the context of dysphagia, and among patients in other health areas [16][17][18][19]21,23,24]. Caregivers express the desire for more knowledge about dysphagia procedures and report that communication of this information is often limited or delivered with technical language [7,8,13].…”

“…Designed as an augmentative means of information for caregivers of patients with dysphagia, the poster communicated dysphagia-specific risks and food procedures through visual signs and images accompanied by a few written words. It followed the recommendations for the construction of this type of figurative content and showed effectiveness, including in drawing a caregiver's attention to it, namely, through the use of a warning sign placed at the beginning, which is a well-known sign of danger [18,23,24]. Across a varied range of education levels (from four years of school or less to college degrees), all caregivers who were exposed to the poster (100%) reported that not only did they notice the poster, but they also "read" and understood it.…”

“…Visual posters communicating information through signs can be particularly effective if they abide by the principles of design. These include the use of simple elements that contain little detail, are often familiar, and maintain semantic relationships among them (i.e., as if "telling a story") [23,24]. The combination of colors, words, and symbols provides variations in the levels of the reported danger (e.g., red, orange, and yellow generally indicate decreasing levels of danger) [23].…”

“…Visual signals have also proven effective in other health areas, and warning symbols combined with education have been widely used in health care to promote safetyappropriate behaviors [16][17][18][19]23,24]. For example, in a study conducted in nursing homes, where patients often have dysphagia, caution symbols combined with education were effective in reducing the erroneous smashing of medication, which is a well-known and common problem in that context [16].…”