Design and Characterization of an Echelle Spectrometer for Fundamental and Applied Emission Spectrochemical Analysis

Scheeline, Alexander; Bye, Cheryl A.; Miller, Duane L.; Rynders, Steven W.; Owen, Rachel

doi:10.1366/0003702914337083

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…, , the value Umk,pre(tn+l) is estimated or "predicted" at time t,+, using Euler's method is the right-hand side of (28). We can then use (33) To validate the adequacy of the time-step size used, we performed the integration with half the time-step, At = 0.02/(axO), and found the maximum relative difference to be less than 0.01 %, thus confirming the adequacy of the time-step size (39) used.…”

Section: Trajectory Formulationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Image degradation away from the center of the field of view has been little discussed previously, though illustrated when this scheme was used in the construction of an echelle spectrometer [33].…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stigmatic imaging was based on the work of Goldstein and as later implemented by Klueppel et al, 30 Hsu et al.," Scheeline et al, 32 and Scheeline et al 33 In this arrangement, images are relayed from point to point TABLE I. Components used in fluorescence, scattering, and emission apparatus.…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excitation laser beam was focused to a sheet illuminating a plane passing through the axis of the cylindrical reactor (Figure 1) [31], Scheeline et d. [32], and Scheeline et al [33]. In this arrangement, images are relayed from point to point using parabolic mirrors, illuminated offaxis.…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drop Dynamics and Speciation in Isolation of Metals from Liquid Wastes by Reactive Scavenging

Pearlstein¹,

Scheeline²

2002

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An instrument for emission, fluorescence, and scattering diagnostics of a 22 k W gadair thermal reactor is described. 2-pair parabolic mirrors provide diffraction-limited imaging in field center, with worst-case blur over a 12.8 mm field of view having a radius of 0.044 mm rms. Either full-field filtered or transverse line dispersed viewing can occur simultaneously. Dispersion is achieved using a 2-m spectrographf-matched to the feed optics. Examples of data show non-axisymmetric flow in a nominally laminar flow system, drop shapes in situ, and Mie scattering from soot. Index Headings: Flame diagnostics; Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Spectroscopy in harsh environments; Imaging; Drop vaporization. INTRODUCTIONMetal-bearing solutions and slurries can pose environmental hazards. Among the most acute of these hazards is the accumulation of radioactive wastes, held in underground steel tanks at locations such as Hanford, Washington, and the Savannah River Site at Aiken, South Car01ina.I-~ Vitrification of radioactive wastes, either as glass logs4 or ~e m e n t ,~ is the approach most actively being followed to sequester radionuclides over the millennia required for decay to negligible activity levels. An important step in preparation of vitrified material is removal of water and organic material, resulting in volume reduction. Among the ways to perform solvent removal, that simultaneously destroys organic matter, is -thermal treatment. This process simply consists of spraying the waste into a high temperature (T > 1800 K) reactor and adding powdered sorbent material. Water is vaporized, organics are oxidized to water and carbon dioxide, and metallic species are oxidized. Scavenging of metal ions by kaoliniteG9 prior to cooling and oxide formation is a promising technology for high-efficiency collection of gasphase radionuclides. Under optimized conditions, destructiodrecovery efficiencies ( D E S ) of up to 99.99% of metal ions in an entering waste stream can be scavenged.Considering the hundreds of millions of curies in the millions of gallons of waste,3 a DRE of 99.99% scavenging is entirely unacceptable. Understanding the cause of the 0.01% unscavenged fraction and devising means for its reduction are essential if thermal processing is to be used for nuclear waste treatment. Our hypothesis is that a small fraction of large (>200 km in diameter), that is, "rogue", drops originating from the input liquid stream or formed by coalescence in the reactor are responsible for the 0.01% unscavenged metals. These drops avoid hot zones in the reactor, resulting in either incomplete vaporization or vaporization in a zone with insufficient temperature to vaporize the metal contents. The metals form small particulates that easily circumvent particle traps such as filters and cyclones.I0 Drop dynamics in analytical flames and plasmas has been studied for many years, including work by Hieftje (e& Refs. 11-13), Farnsworth,14 and Olesik (e&,. To test the rogue drop hypothesis requires the ability to generate drops, both as spr...

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Section: Trajectory Formulationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Drop Dynamics and Speciation in Isolation of Metals from Liquid Wastes by Reactive Scavenging

Pearlstein¹,

Scheeline²

2002

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“…Reader's ''super flat field'' provides the most nearly flat focal surface but inclines the plane slightly with respect to the direction of propagation. For the 1-m Czerny-Turner spectrometer, the offset of the grating from the Fastie flat-field position to the corrected flat-field position is 10 mm; the distance from the Fastie position to the super flat-field position is 26 mm [9]. [7,10,11].…”

Section: Curvature Of Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrometers, Ultraviolet and Visible Light

Hardwick

2007

The Optics Encyclopedia

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A wide variety of instruments exist for recording the intensity of light as a function of wavelength. In the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum, these include dispersive spectrometers (based on gratings and prisms) and nondispersive spectrometers (usually interferometric in nature). A discussion of the main kinds of visible and ultraviolet spectrometers is given along with their advantages and drawbacks in terms of resolution, accuracy, efficiency, and ease of use. Considerations for choosing the design of an optical spectrometer are outlined, and the main aberrations associated with common optical designs are discussed.

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Visible‐ and Ultraviolet‐Light Spectrometers

Hardwick

2003

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Design and Characterization of an Echelle Spectrometer for Fundamental and Applied Emission Spectrochemical Analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Drop Dynamics and Speciation in Isolation of Metals from Liquid Wastes by Reactive Scavenging

Drop Dynamics and Speciation in Isolation of Metals from Liquid Wastes by Reactive Scavenging

Spectrometers, Ultraviolet and Visible Light

Visible‐ and Ultraviolet‐Light Spectrometers

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