Design and characterization of an electromagnetic‐resonant cavity microwave plasma reactor for atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide decomposition

Mohsenian, Sina; Sheth, S.; Bhatta, Saroj; Nagassou, Dassou; Sullivan, Daniel J.; Trelles, Juan Pablo

doi:10.1002/ppap.201800153

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The CO 2 concentration decreases almost linearly with the discharge energy causing an adequate increase in CO concentration. This phenomenon has been observed by many researchers in diverse non-thermal plasma sources, such as DBD [44,45], gliding arc [46,47] and microwave discharge [48,49]. It was found that high energy electrons in these electrical discharges induce vibrational excitation of CO 2 molecules, which is a highly efficient channel for CO 2 decomposition [50].…”

Section: Gaseous Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Dors

Kurzyńska

2020

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: Biogas and biomass producer gas cleaning.Abstract: Plasma-catalytic reforming of simulated biomass tar composed of naphthalene, toluene, and benzene was carried out in a coaxial plasma reactor supplied with nanosecond high-voltage pulses. The effect of Rh-LaCoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 and Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts covering high-voltage electrode on the tar conversion efficiency was evaluated. Compared to the plasma reaction without a catalyst, the combination of plasma with the catalyst significantly enhanced the conversion of all three tar components, achieving complete conversion when an Rh-based catalyst was used. Apart from gaseous and liquid samples, char samples taken at five locations inside the reactor were also analyzed for their chemical composition. Char was not formed when the Rh-based catalyst was used. Different by-products were detected for the plasma reactor without a catalyst, with the Ni-and Rh-based catalysts. A possible reaction pathway in the plasma-catalytic process for naphthalene, as the most complex compound, was proposed through the combined analysis of liquid and solid products. electron density and energy, plasma homogeneity, simple design and operation, capacity to induce reactions at relatively ambient temperature, atmospheric operational pressure, and very low level of coke production [20]. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of four problems that have so far been studied independently or in a smaller combination, i.e.,: Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 991 A typical voltage pulse is presented in Figure 2. It does not depend on the reactor geometry, condition of the dielectric barrier, presence of catalysts, or gas composition. Its half-measured width is 9 ns, which ensures fast energization of electrons and inhibits their thermalization. This way, energy delivered to the discharge is not wasted in gas heating but consumed by electrons and further the production of radicals via electron-induced dissociation of molecules.

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Section: Gaseous Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Dors

Kurzyńska

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…5 min of operation with 30% CH 4 in the feed gas. Imaging of the plasma by OES is widely used in the context of CO 2 discharges [12,16,21,[57][58][59]. In particular, the O 777 nm emission line intensity is often followed to reconstruct the shape of the plasma and, sometimes even the power density distribution [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power concentration determined by thermodynamic properties in complex gas mixtures: the case of plasma-based dry reforming of methane

Biondo¹,

Hughes²,

Steeg³

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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We investigate discharge contraction in a microwave plasma at sub-atmospheric pressure, operating in CO2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures. The rise of the electron number density with plasma contraction intensifies the gas heating in the core of the plasma. This, in turn, initiates fast core-periphery transport and defines the rate of thermal chemistry over plasma chemistry. In this context, power concentration describes the overall mechanism including plasma contraction and chemical kinetics. In a complex chemistry such as dry reforming of methane, transport of reactive species is essential to define the performance of the reactor and achieve the desired outputs. Thus, we couple experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations for model validation and understanding of reactor performance. Adding CH4 alters the thermodynamic properties of the mixture, especially the reactive component of the heat conductivity. The increase in reactive heat conductivity increases the pressure at which plasma contraction occurs, because higher rates of gas heating are required to reach the same temperature. In addition, we suggest that the predominance of heat conduction over convection is a key condition to observe the effect of heat conductivity on gas temperature.

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“…An example of a (quasi-)thermal plasma system experiencing a significant degree of radiative nonequilibrium is the Solar-Enhanced Microwave Plasma CO 2 conversion, depicted in Fig. 4 [56,57]. Microwave (MW) plasmas have demonstrated to be very effective at CO 2 decomposition in terms of attaining high energy efficiencies and high conversion, even at atmospheric pressure operation [14, 45,94].…”

Section: Radiative Nonequilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium Phenomena in (Quasi-)thermal Plasma Flows

Trelles

2019

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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Thermal plasmas are utilized in diverse applications that require high power densities or throughputs, such as metal cutting, welding, spraying, metallurgy, and materials synthesis. Thermal plasma applications involve interactions between the highly energetic plasma and working gas streams, confining devices, or processing materials. Whereas thermal plasma implies a state of equilibrium (i.e. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, LTE), due to the above interactions, thermal plasma flows depict nonequilibrium phenomena of two types: kinetic and dissipative. Kinetic nonequilibrium manifests microscopically and is caused by localized imbalances between particles and fields interactions. Its occurrence is evidenced, for example, as deviations from thermal equilibrium between heavy-species and electrons or from mass-action laws. In contrast, dissipative nonequilibrium reveals macroscopically and is produced by external driving forces that incite distributed responses, such as the growth of instabilities, the occurrence of self-organization, or the establishment of turbulence. Although kinetic nonequilibrium has been increasingly incorporated in thermal plasma flow models (e.g. finite-rate chemistry, two-temperature models), it is the great advances in numerical computing that is enabling the exploration of dissipative nonequilibrium (e.g. pattern formation, small-scale turbulent features). Both types of nonequilibrium are reviewed, including their estimation and incidence, within the context of computational models and their relevance to thermal plasma sources and processes.

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Design and characterization of an electromagnetic‐resonant cavity microwave plasma reactor for atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide decomposition

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Power concentration determined by thermodynamic properties in complex gas mixtures: the case of plasma-based dry reforming of methane

Nonequilibrium Phenomena in (Quasi-)thermal Plasma Flows

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