Design and Characterization of a Two-Stage Human Subject Exposure Chamber

Kuprov, Roman; Buck, David; Pope, C. Arden; Eatough, Delbert J.; Hansen, Jaron C.

doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.8.864

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…28 Combustiongenerated aerosol was sampled from the flue line of a standard stove designed for in-home use. After being allowed to burn for at least 15 min, the combustion-generated aerosol was moved through stainless-steel tubing, via an inline fan, through a carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Figure 1.…”

Section: Controlled Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the wood smoke exposures, the aerosol was photochemically aged using a conventional ultraviolet (UV)/black lamp system. 28 Movement of the combustion aerosol into the exposure chamber, via a dedicated recirculation system, was conducted to maintain the desired concentration. Real-time monitoring of PM 2.5 , CO, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) in the Teflon bag and the controlled-exposure room was conducted to assist in proper dilution.…”

Section: Controlled Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Pope

Hansen

Kuprov

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Exposure to fine particulate air pollution has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease and mortality. Proposed biological pathways imply that particleinduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation play a role in activating the vascular endothelium and altering vascular function. Potential effects of fine particulate pollution on vascular function are explored using controlled chamber exposure and uncontrolled ambient exposure. Research subjects included four panels with a total of 26 healthy nonsmoking young adults. On two study visits, at least 7 days apart, subjects spent 3 hr in a controlledexposure chamber exposed to 150 -200 g/m 3 of fine particles generated from coal or wood combustion and 3 hr in a clean room, with exposure and nonexposure periods alternated between visits. Baseline, postexposure, and post-clean room reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) was conducted. A microvascular responsiveness index, defined as the log of the RH-PAT ratio, was calculated. There was no contemporaneous vascular response to the few hours of controlled exposure. Declines in vascular response were associated with elevated ambient exposures for the previous 2 days, especially for female subjects. Cumulative exposure to real-life fine particulate pollution may affect vascular function. More research is needed to determine the roles of age and gender, the effect of pollution sources, the importance of cumulative exposure over a few days versus a few hours, and the lag time between exposure and response.

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Section: Controlled Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlled Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Pope

Hansen

Kuprov

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Testing the unit with carbon dioxide measurements produced first results (Hammad et al, 2011). Another example of a human exposure chamber shows exposures that mimic the production and photochemical oxidation of atmospheric pollutants resulting from the combustion of coal or wood from a stove (Kuprov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for the design and technical setup of a human whole-body exposure chamber

Monsé

Sucker

Thriel

et al. 2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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Exposures to air contaminants, such as chemical vapors and particulate matter, pose important health hazards at workplaces. Short-term experimental exposures to chemical vapors and particles in humans are a promising attempt to investigate acute effects of such hazards. However, a significant challenge in this field is the determination of effects of co-exposures to more than one chemical or mixtures of chemical vapors and/or particles. To overcome such a challenge, studies have to be conducted under standardized exposure characterization and real time measurements, if possible. A new exposure laboratory (ExpoLab) was installed at IPA, combining sophisticated engineering designs with new analytical techniques, to fulfill these requirements. Low-dose as well as high-dose exposure scenarios are achieved by means of a calibration-gas-generator. Exposure monitoring can be carried out with a high performance real time mass spectrometer and other suitable analyzers (e.g. gas chromatograph). Numerous automated security facilities guarantee the physical integrity of the volunteers, and the waste atmosphere is removed using either charcoal filtration or catalytic post-combustion. Measurements of sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide, aniline and carbon black are presented to demonstrate the performance of the exposure unit with respect to the temporal and spatial stability of generated atmospheres. The variations of generated contents in the atmospheres at steady state are slightly higher than the measurement precision of the analyzers (the typical standard deviation of generated atmospheres is < 2%). The technical components of ExpoLab and its monitoring systems ensure high quality standards in validity and reliability of generating and measuring exposure atmospheres.

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