Design and characteristics of a differential Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic cell for infrared gas detection

Zéninari, V.; Kapitanov, V. A.; Courtois, D.; Ponomarev, Yu. N.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4495(98)00038-3

Cited by 100 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…8 displays the frequency response of the cell obtained using a 2372 nm DFB laser and CH 4 as an absorbing species. The Helmholtz resonance is observed at 2.6 kHz with a quality factor Q ∼ = 25, which is comparable to our knowledge to the best values reported in the literature for Helmholtz resonator used in PAS (see for example [5][6][7]). Similar performances have been obtained when exciting the resonance with a loud-speaker.…”

Section: Novel Compact Helmholtz-based Pa Cellsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A value C exp = 660 [Pa W −1 cm] is obtained for our Helmholtz-based PA cell. This is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the value reported for the differential Helmholtz resonator from Zéninari et al [5], which may be explained by the 10-fold higher operation frequency of our cell, since the cell constant varies as 1/f 2 according to Eqs. (3) and (4).…”

Section: Ammonia Sensingcontrasting

confidence: 68%

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Novel Helmholtz-based photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection at ppm level using GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb DFB lasers

Mattiello¹,

Niklès²,

Schilt

et al. 2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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A new and compact photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection in the 2-2.5 m atmospheric window is reported. Both the development of antimonide-based DFB lasers with singlemode emission in this spectral range and a novel design of photoacoustic cell adapted to the characteristics of these lasers are discussed. The laser fabrication was made in two steps. The structure was firstly grown by molecular beam epitaxy then a metallic DFB grating was processed. The photoacoustic cell is based on a Helmholtz resonator that was designed in order to fully benefit from the highly divergent emission of the antimonide laser. An optimized modulation scheme based on wavelength modulation of the laser source combined with second harmonic detection has been implemented for efficient suppression of wall noise. Using a 2211 nm laser, sub-ppm detection limit has been demonstrated for ammonia.

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Section: Novel Compact Helmholtz-based Pa Cellsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Ammonia Sensingcontrasting

confidence: 68%

Novel Helmholtz-based photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection at ppm level using GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb DFB lasers

Mattiello¹,

Niklès²,

Schilt

et al. 2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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show abstract

“…Open cells presented in the literature [8][9][10][11] are susceptible to external acoustic noise penetration, which can seriously limit the sensitivity of the photoacoustic instrument [5]. Solving this problem may allow for wider use of this kind of photoacoustic cells in continuous flow measurements [7,[12][13][14]. So far, the best values of the external acoustic noise suppression obtained in such cells were reported at a level of approximately 40 dB to 50 dB [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Analysis of a Differential Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell

Geras

Starecki

2014

Int J Thermophys

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The paper describes how mechanical dimensions of a differential open photoacoustic Helmholtz cell affect its operation. The influence of the diameter and length of the internal and external ducts and the volume of the acoustic buffers on the frequency response of the cell, as well as on the attenuation of the external acoustic noise, was studied. The analysis was performed by means of computer simulations based on a model in which loss-corrected transmission line duct definitions were used. The results showed that under proper selection of the cell dimensions, its frequency response at the frequencies around the main resonance is nearly identical as in the case of the conventional, closed Helmholtz resonator. The length of the ducts is only slightly related to the frequency of resonance, and does not noticeably affect the Qfactor of the cell. A decrease of the duct diameters and an increase of the buffer volumes improve attenuation of the external acoustic noise. It should be possible to obtain external acoustic noise rejection as high as 80 dB, which is a substantial improvement in comparison to the previous designs, which reported this value at the level of 40 dB to 50 dB.

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“…where α is the light absorption coefficient, P is the light power, f is the light intensity modulation frequency, and V is the volume of the cell [17,18]. To amplify the photoacoustic signal, the modulation frequency of the light beam should be adjusted to an acoustic resonance of the cell [4,14,15,19].…”

Section: Open Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, due to separation of the cavities by a narrow duct, Helmholtz cells allow for good isolation of the microphone from the sample and the light beam. In single-cavity cells, where such isolation does not exist, the incident light beam can result in an increase of the background noise [15,18,20,21]. The mechanism of photoacoustic [7] signal triggering in the Helmholtz resonator is quite different from that in the other kinds of resonance cells (such as those with the standing wave resonance) [14,22]; the sample is illuminated by the light of the frequency in the sample's absorption spectrum.…”

Section: Open Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal-to-Noise Analysis of the Improved Open Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell

Geras

2014

Int J Thermophys

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Open photoacoustic cells are often used in continuous-flow photoacoustic measurements. Such cells are sensitive to external noise penetration. The improved open photoacoustic Helmholtz cell has much better external noise attenuation than the previously known designs. This paper describes how mechanical dimensions of such a cell influence its signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis was performed by means of computer simulations based on the loss-improved transmission line model. This research showed that the mechanical parameters affect signal-to-noise noticeably and, if they are properly chosen and applied in the design of the improved open cell, the resulting signal-to-noise ratio may be improved by almost 60 dB in comparison to previous designs of open photoacoustic Helmholtz cells.

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Design and characteristics of a differential Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic cell for infrared gas detection

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

Novel Helmholtz-based photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection at ppm level using GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb DFB lasers

Novel Helmholtz-based photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection at ppm level using GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb DFB lasers

Parametric Analysis of a Differential Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell

Signal-to-Noise Analysis of the Improved Open Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell

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