Design and assessment of solar concentrator distillating system using phase change materials (PCM) suitable for desertic weathers

Abstract

A B S T R A C TA desertic region always suffers from a lack of fresh water in a large portion of its area. In these areas, available water from swamps or ground water wells is brackish water, and it must be purified or distillated. In this paper, we introduce a simple distillation system accompanied with a concentrating unit. This system was assembled and installed with very low costs. Also, paraffin wax was used in this study as phase change materials to absorb heat from the heated water. The concentrating system, which consists of a dish accompanied by a drum as a storage device and pipes assembly fixed at dish focal, was used to heat brackish water. The conical distiller was fabricated to contain PCM under its base to increase the stored energy. Tests were conducted at Baghdad, Iraqi wintertime 2013-2014. The study declares that this system is suitable to desert weathers with acceptable productivity compared with other existing systems. Adding PCM to the concentrating distillation system increased system working hours, increased concentrating efficiency with about 50.47%, increased system heating efficiency with about 157.8%, and increased system productivity with about 783%. Comparing this study with other Iraqi studies and those in literature gave convincing agreement. This study contains valuable information for researchers, industrials, and investors interested in solar water desalination system investment in Iraq and desertic weather countries.

Study of water desalination techniques and a review on active solar distillation methods

“…Eldalil [97] coupled a vibratory excited flexible packed stretched media (helical copper wires) with an active solar still to enhance its performance. Chaichan et al [99] tested a new designed conical solar distillation system with a concentrating unit and phase change material. However, the proposed system seems to be costly and needs higher maintenance.…”

“…However, large heat losses from the designed solar still significantly affect its performance. Chaichan et al [99] tested a new designed conical solar distillation system with a concentrating unit and phase change material. An increase of 428.5% in productivity was observed from the designed distiller.…”

Nanofiltration Means (Reduced in Pollution, Water Consumption, and Win Money)

“…The aliphatic compounds were discharged from anaerobic waste treatment but inhalation general an aesthetic were discharged from the soil. Apart of these gases cause the greenhouse phenomena, the mandatory gases unit (nitrous compound, aliphatic compound and Carbon dioxide) [40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

The effect of adding NG to LPG on a spark ignition engine

“…Gasoline has the maximum brake power when compared at CR= 8: 1 and LPG have the maximum brake power compared to the other fuels. This work is an effort of the Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center as part of many years' efforts to find solutions to the energy problems facing Iraq [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], finding practical solutions to reduce air pollution [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]. This study aims to evaluate the impact of several designs and operating variables for NG enriched LPG as alternative fuels for Iraqi gasoline.…”