Design and Assessment of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain Model Based on Real-World Driving and Charging Cycles

Abstract

An analytical model for an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain has been developed in this paper to study the vehicular dynamics, based on a Nissan Leaf EV. The electrical components of the powertrain include a battery pack, a battery management system (BMS), a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC inverter, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and a control system while the mechanical system consists of power transmissions, axial shaft and vehicle wheels. The driving performance of the EV is studied through the realworld driving tests and simulation tests in Matlab/Simulink. In the analytical model, the vehicular dynamics is evaluated against changes in the vehicle velocity and acceleration, state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and the motor output power. Finally, a number of EVs are introduced in the system to optimize the power dispatch. The greenhouse gas emissions of EVs are analyzed under various driving and charging conditions, and compared with conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. For a given driving cycle, Nissan Leaf can reduce CO2 emissions by 70%, depending on its duty cycle and the way electricity is supplied.

Calculating the mechanical characteristics of the asynchronous motor having a minimal moment in it

“…Прикладом найвідоміших електромобілів, що використовують у якості тягових двигунів двигуни змінного струму є Tesla Model S та Tesla Model X (АД з короткозамкненим ротором); Nissan Leaf та Mitsubishi i-MiEV (синхронний двигуном (СД) з постійними магнітами) [3].…”

Light electric vehicle powertrain: Modeling, simulation, and experimentation for engineering students using PSIM

“…There are standardized drive cycles for some kind of vehicles and routes. In the modeling process, authors divide powertrains into mechanical and electrical systems [4]. Mechanical systems are composed of electric motors, transmissions, and wheels [4].…”

“…In the modeling process, authors divide powertrains into mechanical and electrical systems [4]. Mechanical systems are composed of electric motors, transmissions, and wheels [4]. On the other hand, electrical systems are composed of power sources, power converters, and electric motors.…”

“…The analysis and modeling consist of an iterating process to validate mathematical models. Mechanical load requirements should be defined from a driving cycle [4,21,25]. There are standardized drive cycles for some kind of vehicles and routes.…”

“…Electric motors are the electromechanical interface among electrical and mechanical systems. Both, electrical and mechanical components, are modeled individually and then integrated into a powertrain model [4,8,11,21,25]. As a first approach, simplified models are preferred due to the short simulation time, since they mainly involve converter and motors models with constant efficiency.…”