Design and assembly of fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers

Krishnanand,; Soni, Shivam; Taufik, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.627

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Section: Fused Deposition Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semi-solid form material is then deposited in a controlled way, over a build platform, on a predetermined path in a layer-over-layer fashion to fabricate a part. 16 A typical FDAM 3D printer mainly contains three subsystems: 17 Extruder X , Y , Z -axes motion system Build surface and environment The extruder is the central part of any FDAM 3D printer. An extruder again can be subdivided into three main components—(i) material feeding mechanism, (ii) material heating system, and (iii) nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

Krishnanand

Singh

Mittal

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Fused deposition or fused layer additive manufacturing is a technique in which a part is fabricated layer by layer using filament or pellets-form input material. The extruder is the central part of the fused deposition additive manufacturing (FDAM) system. The extrusion mechanism is unique to the geometry and form of the feedstock material. Extrusion of filament-form material through the nozzle needs to design of a material feeding mechanism based on various filament extrusion parameters. At the same time if the material is in the form of pellets, then the design of the feeding mechanism is very different due to the shape and size of the pellets. These two different design strategies for material extrusion namely the design of the feeding mechanism of filament and pellets form materials have been a major concern to avoid unwanted deformation of extruded materials in FDAM. These two design strategies for filament and pellet-form materials have led to the development of several material extrusion strategies. The present paper reviews various material extrusion strategies developed for FDAM of filament or pellets form input material. This article presents the review of design, development, performance evaluation, and process planning for each extrusion strategy. Based on the literature review authors have suggested a possible extrusion method that can accept both forms of materials to fulfill the need for the filament as well as pellets-based additive manufacturing.

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Section: Fused Deposition Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

Krishnanand

Singh

Mittal

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…A melt is achieved by feeding a filament into a hot end, which consists of a hot end body, a heating element and a nozzle in common designs. The hot end body forms the structure that holds the heating element and nozzle (note: in standard hot ends the thermoplastic does not contact the hot end body) (Krishnanand et al , 2021). Nozzles are available in different orifice diameters and are selected to improve print resolution (smaller diameters) and to reduce print times (larger diameters) (Krishnanand et al , 2021; Nienhaus et al , 2019; Tezel and Kovan, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include whether the melt forms in the nozzle contraction zone or upstream (Osswald et al , 2018; Serdeczny et al , 2020b), Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid behavior (Van Waeleghem et al , 2022) and variable thermal properties (Nzebuka et al , 2022). For most of these works, the most common hot end design (Krishnanand et al , 2021) is assumed, though some researchers have investigated different designs (Serdeczny et al , 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady melting in material extrusion additive manufacturing

Colon,

Kazmer,

Peterson

et al. 2023

RPJ

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Purpose A main cause of defects within material extrusion (MatEx) additive manufacturing is the nonisothermal condition in the hot end, which causes inconsistent extrusion and polymer welding. This paper aims to validate a custom hot end design intended to heat the thermoplastic to form a melt prior to the nozzle and to reduce variability in melt temperature. A full 3D temperature verification methodology for hot ends is also presented. Design/methodology/approach Infrared (IR) thermography of steady-state extrusion for varying volumetric flow rates, hot end temperature setpoints and nozzle orifice diameters provides data for model validation. A finite-element model is used to predict the temperature of the extrudate. Model tuning demonstrates the effects of different model assumptions on the simulated melt temperature. Findings The experimental results show that the measured temperature and variance are functions of volumetric flow rate, temperature setpoint and the nozzle orifice diameter. Convection to the surrounding air is a primary heat transfer mechanism. The custom hot end brings the melt to its setpoint temperature prior to entering the nozzle. Originality/value This work provides a full set of steady-state IR thermography data for various parameter settings. It also provides insight into the performance of a custom hot end designed to improve the robustness of melting in MatEx. Finally, it proposes a strategy for modeling such systems that incorporates the metal components and the air around the system.

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“…Such devices are successfully used in offices, laboratories or private homes. The most common materials used in desktop 3D printers are acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) and polyactide (PLA) [7,8]. The melting point of plastic filament in fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology is in the range of 180ºC -270ºC and depends on the type of material [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors for Measurement of Pollutants Generated During 3d Printing

Tatarczak

2021

IAPGOS

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This work presents measurement results of pollutants generated during 3D printing. The measure of pollutants is the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of up to 2.5 μm (PM2,5). Materials acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyactide (PLA) for a 3D printer and low-cost particulate matter concentration sensors PMS3003, PMS7003 were used in the research. Research results show that low-cost sensors can be useful for monitoring pollution during 3D printing in offices, laboratories or private homes.

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Design and assembly of fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

Steady melting in material extrusion additive manufacturing

Application of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors for Measurement of Pollutants Generated During 3d Printing

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