Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics

Zhao, Yi; Kim, Aeree; Wan, Guanxiang; Tee, Benjamin C. K.

doi:10.1186/s40580-019-0195-0

Cited by 92 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(231 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, innovative chemistries and processing techniques will enable the development of sustainable and fully biodegradable electronic devices that would degrade once no longer needed [245,246] or would self-recover after being damaged. [247][248][249] CPs, coupled with natural/common-commodity products, are promising candidates for the development of biodegradable-ingestible electronics, as edible diagnostic and therapeutic tools and food-distribution chain electronic tags. [250,251] In the coming new era, biodegradable electronic materials will be a necessity, where benign integration of our devices into the environment will be crucial.…”

Section: Outlook and Road Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next‐Generation Devices and Power Sources

2020

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Conjugated polymers (CPs) possess a unique set of features setting them apart from other materials. These properties make them ideal when interfacing the biological world electronically. Their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity can be used to detect weak biological signals, deliver charged bioactive molecules, and mechanically or electrically stimulate tissues. CPs can be functionalized with various (bio)chemical moieties and blend with other functional materials, with the aim of modulating biological responses or endow specificity toward analytes of interest. They can absorb photons and generate electronic charges that are then used to stimulate cells or produce fuels. These polymers also have catalytic properties allowing them to harvest ambient energy and, along with their high capacitances, are promising materials for next‐generation power sources integrated with bioelectronic devices. In this perspective, an overview of the key properties of CPs and examination of operational mechanism of electronic devices that leverage these properties for specific applications in bioelectronics is provided. In addition to discussing the chemical structure–functionality relationships of CPs applied at the biological interface, the development of new chemistries and form factors that would bring forth next‐generation sensors, actuators, and their power sources, and, hence, advances in the field of organic bioelectronics is described.

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Section: Outlook and Road Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next‐Generation Devices and Power Sources

2020

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“…Such characteristics enable stable percolation of nanomaterials even under deformation, resulting in high stretchability. [84,85] As an example, Kim et al have shown the strain-induced self-organization of NPs in the elastomeric matrix and analyzed its effect on the performance of nanocomposites. [86] When strain is applied to a nanocomposite composed of PU and Au NPs, the percolation network of Au NPs rearranges, mainly following the stretched direction (Figure 6a).…”

Section: Controlled Percolation Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the nanocomposite is elongated, the percolation network of nanomaterials rearranges in response to the applied strain, and this rearrangement deforms the shape of the network and protects the connection of network from fracture. Such characteristics enable stable percolation of nanomaterials even under deformation, resulting in high stretchability …”

Section: Approaches To Maximize Stretchability Of the Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Material Design and Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Metallic Nanocomposites

Joo

Jung

Sunwoo

et al. 2020

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Stretchable conductive nanocomposites fabricated by integrating metallic nanomaterials with elastomers have become a vital component of human‐friendly electronics, such as wearable and implantable devices, due to their unconventional electrical and mechanical characteristics. Understanding the detailed material design and fabrication strategies to improve the conductivity and stretchability of the nanocomposites is therefore important. This Review discusses the recent technological advances toward high performance stretchable metallic nanocomposites. First, the effect of the filler material design on the conductivity is briefly discussed, followed by various nanocomposite fabrication techniques to achieve high conductivity. Methods for maintaining the initial conductivity over a long period of time are also summarized. Then, strategies on controlled percolation of nanomaterials are highlighted, followed by a discussion regarding the effects of the morphology of the nanocomposite and postfabricated 3D structures on achieving high stretchability. Finally, representative examples of applications of such nanocomposites in biointegrated electronics are provided. A brief outlook concludes this Review.

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“…Moreover, they should be comfortable for the users and can be easily incorporated into clothing. However, in [ 175 ], polymer materials have received considerable attention due to their unique electrical and mechanical properties and are easily incorporated into various high-performance conducting and substrate materials, such as zirconia ceramic, liquid crystal, or liquid metals, and different composite materials, like MXene ink, etc. Table 4 shows the properties of various flexible materials.…”

Section: Flexible Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art

et al. 2020

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The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions.

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Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics

Cited by 92 publications

References 189 publications

Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next‐Generation Devices and Power Sources

Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next‐Generation Devices and Power Sources

Material Design and Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Metallic Nanocomposites

Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art

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