Design and application of polyurea microcapsules containing herbicide (oxyfluorfen)

Abstract

Polyurea, a controlled release material, has been widely applied in agricultural fields due to high thermal stability and low cost. In this article oxyfluorfen polyurea microcapsules suspension was successfully prepared by interfacial polymerization using diisocyanate and polyamines such as Ethylenediamine, Hexamethylenediamine, Diethylenetriamine in presence of green solvent, i.e., N, N-dimethyldecanamide. The microcapsule suspension of oxyfluorfen has not been researched yet by using solvent N,N-dimethyldecanamide and polyamines. The effect and the type of diamines on the morphology and properties of the microcapsules have been investigated. The synthesized microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet spectrometry, Fourier transform iInfrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis and particle size analyser. The effect of the core to shell ratio on encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics were also studied. The oxyfluorfen microcapsules had an excellent encapsulation efficiency (98.2%) using EDA as the monomer and Release kinetics depended upon the type of monomers used and also on core to shell ratio used (6.5:1, 5:1, 4:1). As core to shell ratio was increased the encapsulation efficiency was found to decrease. Prepared Microcapsules when sprayed on paddy crop was found to be safe in comparison with Emulsifiable concentrate sample.

Effect of encapsulated herbicides on weed control, productivity and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa)

“…Chinnusamy et al (2012) reported that herbicide application reduced weed seed germination during initial growth stage of crop which minimized nutrient depletion by weeds resulting in superior growth attributes of rice. Li et al (2019) and Rao et al (2020) observed that application of polyurea encapsulated oxyfluorfen showed superior crop growth than commercial products.…”

Prospects for the development of new herbicides based on natural compounds

“…Инкапсулированный в полимочевину оксифлуорфен был стабилен и нетоксичен для риса (Rao et al, 2020(Rao et al, , 2021. Пендиметалин был успешно инкапсулирован в полиуретанмочевину; состав оболочки существенно влиял на форму микрокапсул и высвобождение ДВ (Yılmaz et al, 2021).…”

Biodegradation of water‐soluble and water‐dispersible polymers for agricultural, consumer, and industrial applications—Challenges and opportunities for sustainable materials solutions

“…For controlled‐release applications, only some non‐water‐soluble polymers based on, for example, polyesters, polyurea, and polyurethane systems are commercially used, which are all very cost‐efficient but are not considered readily biodegradable in soil 98 . Polyurea systems contain also a high thermal stability 99 and are safe for the environment 100 . Especially the cross‐linking density applied in the microencapsulated systems, which is required to obtain a stable capsule, prevents a readily biodegradation.…”