“…Based on semi‐rational approaches, LacI has been engineered to alter its effector specificities, responding to chemicals other than its natural effectors, such as fucose, gentiobiose, lactitol, sucralose and lactulose (Taylor et al., 2016 ; Wu et al., 2017 ). Instead, to decrease basal expression, LacI Q1 promoter or its derivatives (Calos, 1978 ; Calos & Miller, 1981 ; Glascock & Weickert, 1998 ), and a hybrid promoter of lacI (Huang et al., 2020 ), were widely employed in recombinant expression. LacI Q1 promoter leads to a 50‐ to 100‐fold increased expression of lac repressor, greatly repressing the leaky expression because the degree of repression is supposedly dependent on the ratio of intracellular LacI molecules to the lacO operator sites (Calos & Miller, 1981 ; Glascock & Weickert, 1998 ; Raibaud & Schwartz, 1984 ).…”