Design and application of a weed damage model for laser-based weed control

Marx, Christian; Barcikowski, Stephan; Hustedt, Michael; Haferkamp, H.; Rath, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.07.002

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Beauv.] required between 21 and 264 J per weed (Marx et al 2012). A 940-nm diode laser had an energy range of 34 to 283 J per weed when irradiating the same broadleaf species as the CO 2 laser (Wöltjen et al 2008).…”

Section: Site-specific Herbicide Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using energy requirements to compare the suitability of alternative methods for broadcast and site-specific weed control

et al. 2019

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The widespread use of herbicides in cropping systems has led to the evolution of resistance in major weeds. The resultant loss of herbicide efficacy is compounded by a lack of new herbicide sites of action, driving demand for alternative weed control technologies. While there are many alternative methods for control, identifying the most appropriate method to pursue for commercial development has been hampered by the inability to compare techniques in a fair and equitable manner. Given that all currently available and alternative weed control methods share an intrinsic energy consumption, the aim of this review was to compare methods based on energy consumption. Energy consumption was compared for chemical, mechanical, and thermal weed control technologies when applied as broadcast (whole-field) and site-specific treatments. Tillage systems, such as flex-tine harrow (4.2 to 5.5 MJ ha−1), sweep cultivator (13 to 14 MJ ha−1), and rotary hoe (12 to 17 MJ ha−1) consumed the least energy of broadcast weed control treatments. Thermal-based approaches, including flaming (1,008 to 4,334 MJ ha−1) and infrared (2,000 to 3,887 MJ ha−1), are more appropriate for use in conservation cropping systems; however, their energy requirements are 100- to 1,000-fold greater than those of tillage treatments. The site-specific application of weed control treatments to control 2-leaf-stage broadleaf weeds at a density of 5 plants m−2 reduced energy consumption of herbicidal, thermal, and mechanical treatments by 97%, 99%, and 97%, respectively. Significantly, this site-specific approach resulted in similar energy requirements for current and alternative technologies (e.g., electrocution [15 to 19 MJ ha−1], laser pyrolysis [15 to 249 MJ ha−1], hoeing [17 MJ ha−1], and herbicides [15 MJ ha−1]). Using similar energy sources, a standardized energy comparison provides an opportunity for estimation of weed control costs, suggesting site-specific weed management is critical in the economically realistic implementation of alternative technologies.

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Section: Site-specific Herbicide Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wavelength e/o efficiency (Gates et al 1965;Kim and Ki 2012;Marx et al 2012;Wöltjen et al 2008). b Abbreviations: IR, infrared; Nd:YAG, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; UV, ultraviolet.…”

Section: Laser Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using energy requirements to compare the suitability of alternative methods for broadcast and site-specific weed control

et al. 2019

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“…Currently, chemical weeding (herbicide) is widely used as a traditional weeding solution (Bakker et al, 2010). However, herbicides are viewed critically about their negative environmental impacts (Marx et al, 2012). Moreover, people increasingly require and prefer natural, organic foods (Blasco et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, selective spraying still relies on herbicides application, which is not allowed for organic farming. Due to the unsatisfactory aspects, other weeding techniques such as laser weeding seems to offer a potential alternative (Marx et al, 2012). Some researchers, such as Heisel et al (2001), used a laser beam to cut weed stems for weed control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a prototype robot and fast path-planning algorithm for static laser weeding

Xiong

Liang

et al. 2017

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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To demonstrate the feasibility and improve the implementation of laser weeding, a prototype robot was built and equipped with machine vision and gimbal mounted laser pointers. The robot consisted of a mobile platform modified from a small commercial quad bike, a camera to detect the crop and weeds and two steerable gimbals controlling the laser pointers. Visible class one laser pointers were used to simulate the power laser trajectories. A colour segmentation algorithm was utilised to extract plants from the soil background, size estimation was used to differentiate crop from weeds and an eroding and dilating algorithm was developed for objects that were touching. Conversely, another algorithm, which relied on shape descriptors, was able to distinguish plant species in non-touching status regardless of area difference. To reduce route length and run time, a new path-planning algorithm for static weeding was proposed and tested. It was demonstrated to be more temporally efficient especially when addressing higher density of weeds. A model to determine the optimal segmentation size based on time taken for treatment was established. It was found that the segmentation algorithm has the potential to be widely used in fast path-planning for the travelling-salesman problem. Finally, performance tests showed that the weeding mean error was 1.97 mm, with a 0.88 mm standard deviation. Another test indicated that with a laser traversal speed of 30 mm/s and a dwell time of 0.64 s per weed, it had a hit rate of 97%.

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“…One approach utilized a horizontal laser and cut off the weeds close to the ground [8,9]. Later research along these same lines found that enhanced efficiency could be achieved by targeting the apical meristem of the weeds at the cotyledon stage, with optimal performance at or below the two-leaf stage at a threshold energy level of 3-5 J mm −2 [10][11][12][13]. Of note about this research is that they limited their research to young seedlings, and reported poor efficacy of treatment on larger plants above the three-to four-leaf stage.…”

Section: Laser Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical-Free Cotton Defoliation by; Mechanical, Flame and Laser Girdling

Pelletier¹,

Wanjura²,

Holt³

2017

Agronomy

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A novel new way to achieve chemical-free defoliation of cotton is discussed. The research found that by severing the phloem tissue on the main stalk, via a girdling operation, the operation stimulated the cotton plant to alter its growth into an early senescence pathway that resulted in the plant shedding its leaves and opening up all its bolls, leaving the plant in the perfect state for machine harvesting. Even with follow-up rains, zero regrowth occurred in the treated plants, unlike the untreated control plots where significant regrowth did occur. This report compares the results of greenhouse and field trials where the girdling operation was performed by hand, flame, mechanical and via a CO 2 laser to achieve phloem tissue severance. Design parameters for a prototype laser girdling system are also provided. Results suggest that for deficit irrigated cotton, girdling can provide an alternative means to defoliate cotton.

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Design and application of a weed damage model for laser-based weed control

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Using energy requirements to compare the suitability of alternative methods for broadcast and site-specific weed control

Using energy requirements to compare the suitability of alternative methods for broadcast and site-specific weed control

Development of a prototype robot and fast path-planning algorithm for static laser weeding

Chemical-Free Cotton Defoliation by; Mechanical, Flame and Laser Girdling

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