Design and and Construction of Groundwater Monitoring Network at Shallow-depth CO2 Injection and Leak Test Site, Korea

Lee, Seong‐Sun; Kim, Hong-Hyun; Joun, Won-Tak; Lee, Kang‐Kun

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1434

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The highest radon concentration during the fourth sampling period, indicating a stronger influence of CO 2 on 222 Rn in groundwater than of mixing processes by local groundwater flow (Figures 7 and 5). This specific variation during the fourth sampling period was also represented in pH and HCO 3 data (Figure 7) and agreed with the results of other research conducted at this study site, which showed the preferential movement of the CO 2 plume between IW and SW3 conditioned by local permeability anisotropy for a long‐term monitoring basis (more than one month from the injection) (Ju et al, 2019; H. H. Kim et al, 2015; Lee et al, 2017) (Figure 7). Additionally, by the mixing ratio calculation results could also support the carrier gas effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Comparatively, SW3 had radon concentrations higher than the pre‐injection value, which could be attributed to the preferential flow path of the CO 2 plume migration. Horizontal mixing with longitudinal transport along a preferential flow path could occur at the study site because of heterogeneous permeability distributions (Ju et al, 2019; H. H. Kim et al, 2015; Lee et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study site is located at the K-COSEM field site in Eumseong, South Korea, which has an approximate area of 10,000 m 2 (Figure 1a (Lee, Kim, Joun, & Lee, 2017). The results of push and pull tracer tests performed with multiple tracers (Chloride and SF 6 ) showed that hydraulic conductivity was from 4.0 ⨯ 10 −6 to 2.0 ⨯ 10 −5 m/s (H. H. Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth of the water table is approximately 14–15 m below the surface. Groundwater generally flows from northwest to southeast based on equipotential groundwater level lines (Lee, Kim, Joun, & Lee, 2017). The results of push and pull tracer tests performed with multiple tracers (Chloride and SF 6 ) showed that hydraulic conductivity was from 4.0 ⨯ 10 −6 to 2.0 ⨯ 10 −5 m/s (H. H. Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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This study aims to evaluate the application of 222 Rn in groundwater as a tracer for monitoring CO 2 plume migration in a shallow groundwater system, which is important to detect potential CO 2 leakage in the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. For this research, an artificial CO 2-infused water injection experiment was performed in a shallow aquifer by monitoring hydrogeochemical parameters, including 222 Rn. Radon in groundwater can be a useful tracer because of its sensitivity to sudden changes in subsurface environment. To monitor the CO 2 plume migration, the data were analysed based on (a) the influence of mixing processes on the distribution of 222 Rn induced by the artificial injection experiment and (b) the influence of a carrier gas role by CO 2 on the variation of 222 Rn. The spatio-temporal distributions of radon concentrations were successfully explained in association with horizontal and vertical mixing processes by the CO 2-infused water injection. Additionally, the mixing ratios of each monitoring well were calculated, quantitatively confirming the influence of these mixing processes on the distribution of radon concentrations. Moreover, one monitoring well showed a high positive relationship between 222 Rn and Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TIC) by the carrier gas effect of CO 2 through volatilization from the CO 2 plume. It indicated the applicability of 222 Rn as a sensitive tracer to directly monitor CO 2 leakage. When with a little effect of carrier gas, natural 222 Rn in groundwater can be used to compute mixing ratio of CO 2-infused water indicative of CO 2 migration pathways. CO 2 carrier gas effect can possibly increase 222 Rn concentration in groundwater and, if fully verified with more field tests, will pose a great potential to be used as a natural tracer for CO 2. K E Y W O R D S 222 Rn, artificial CO 2-infused water injection experiment, carbon capture and storage (CCS), carrier gas, mixing ratio, shallow aquifer

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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“…Column 1 used soil the from EIT field site, which represents a silicate aquifer. The EIT site is a test site at which the K-COSEM research center is conducting a groundwater monitoring project by artificially injecting CO 2 to the aquifer and located in Eumseong-gun, Chungchengbuk-do, Korea [35,36]. Detailed hydrogeological information can be found in Jun et al [37] and Ha et al [34].…”

Section: Column Design and Characteristics Of Geological Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Geochemical Composition of Groundwater Due to CO2 Leakage in Various Geological Media

Jeong

Jeen

Hwang³

et al. 2020

Water

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This study evaluated the effects of CO2 leakage on the geochemical composition of groundwater in various geological media through long-term column experiments. Four columns were set up with soil representing a silicate aquifer; clean sand; a sand and limestone mixture; and alluvium soil, respectively. The experiments were conducted under the same experimental conditions for approximately one year. As the CO2-saturated synthetic groundwater was introduced into the columns, a decrease in pH and increases in electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, and concentrations of cations and trace elements were observed in all geological media. However, different patterns of changes were also observed depending on the mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of each material. As the column operation continued, while the pH decreased and low alkalinity values were more evident in the silicate soil and clean sand columns, the carbonate column continued to show high alkalinity and EC values in addition to high concentrations of most cations. The alluvium soil showed distinctive cation-exchange behaviors during the initial introduction of CO2. The results indicate that changes in the geochemical composition of groundwater will depend on the characteristic of the geological medium such as pH buffering capacity and cation exchange capacity. This study can be useful for monitoring and managing the impacts of CO2 leakage in various aquifer environments.

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CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO₂ release field experiments

et al. 2023

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced‐scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process‐based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short‐lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short‐lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long‐term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Design and and Construction of Groundwater Monitoring Network at Shallow-depth CO2 Injection and Leak Test Site, Korea

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

Changes in Geochemical Composition of Groundwater Due to CO2 Leakage in Various Geological Media

CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO₂ release field experiments

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Design and and Construction of Groundwater Monitoring Network at Shallow-depth CO2 Injection and Leak Test Site, Korea

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Natural 222Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO2 injection experiment

Natural 222Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO2 injection experiment

Changes in Geochemical Composition of Groundwater Due to CO2 Leakage in Various Geological Media

CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO2 release field experiments

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Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

Natural ²²²Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO₂ injection experiment

CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO₂ release field experiments