Design and analysis of epidemiological studies of excess cancer among children exposed to chernobyl radionuclides

Peterson, Leif E.; Dreyer, Zo Ann E.; Plon, Sharon E.; Smith, Janice; Weinberg, Armin D.; McCarthy, Philip L.

doi:10.1002/stem.5530150730

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…7 There has been a general paucity of studies on nonthyroid solid cancers, which may be in part because of the long minimal latency period of radiation-induced solid cancers, in the magnitude of decades, compared with a minimum of 4 years for thyroid cancer and 2 to 7 years for leukemias. 1,8,9 Many factors, including screening practices and additional environmental exposures, may contribute to the evolving trends in cancer incidence in this region. For instance, there may have been increased interest in cancer risk after Chernobyl, resulting in increased incidence rates secondary to more detection, reporting, and diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Solid Tumor Incidence in Ukraine 30 Years After Chernobyl

Leung

Shabat

et al. 2019

JGO

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PURPOSE There is limited knowledge of the long-term health effects of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident that occurred more than 30 years ago in Ukraine. This study describes trends in the incidence of solid organ malignancy in Ukraine and the five regions most affected by the radioactive fallout. METHODS The National Cancer Registry of Ukraine was queried for age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of solid organ malignancy in Ukraine and the regions of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn covering the period of 1999 to 2016. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage of change. RESULTS The highest burdens of cancer incidence in Ukraine were seen in the lung, stomach, breast, and prostate. We observed significant increases in the ASIRs of colon (average annual percentage of change, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3 to 1.7]), rectal (0.9 [95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2]), kidney (2.3 [95% CI, 1.8 to 2.9]), thyroid (4.2 [95% CI, 3.1 to 5.3]), breast (1 [95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4]), cervical (0.7 [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.2]), and prostate (3.9 [95% CI, 3.6 to 4.2]) cancers, with decreases in stomach (−2.4 [95% CI, −2.5 to −2.3]) and lung (−1.8 [95% CI, −2.1 to −1.5]) cancers. ASIRs in the affected regions were similar to nationwide rates, with the exception of those for Kyiv. CONCLUSION The incidence rates of many solid organ malignancies in Ukraine are rising. However, the rates of solid organ malignancy in the five regions most affected by fallout did not substantially differ from national patterns, with the exception of those for Kyiv. Ongoing monitoring of cancer incidence in Ukraine is necessary to understand how best to decrease disease burden nationwide and to elucidate the causes of regional variations in ASIRs, such as access to diagnostics and environmental exposures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Solid Tumor Incidence in Ukraine 30 Years After Chernobyl

Leung

Shabat

et al. 2019

JGO

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Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) analysis of premenopausal breast cancers from a nuclear fallout area and matched cases from Western New York

Varma

Huang

et al. 2005

Br J Cancer

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High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) analysis of DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) was performed on breast carcinomas in premenopausal women from Western New York (WNY) and from Gomel, Belarus, an area exposed to fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident. Genomic DNA was isolated from 47 frozen tumour specimens from 42 patients and hybridised to arrays spotted with more than 3000 BAC clones. In all, 20 samples were from WNY and 27 were from Belarus. In total, 34 samples were primary tumours and 13 were lymph node metastases, including five matched pairs from Gomel. The average number of total CNAs per sample was 76 (range 35 -134). We identified 152 CNAs (92 gains and 60 losses) occurring in more than 10% of the samples. The most common amplifications included gains at 8q13.2 (49%), at 1p21.1 (36%), and at 8q24.21 (36%). The most common deletions were at 1p36.22 (26%), at 17p13.2 (26%), and at 8p23.3 (23%). Belarussian tumours had more amplifications and fewer deletions than WNY breast cancers. HER2/neu negativity and younger age were also associated with a higher number of gains and fewer losses. In the five paired samples, we observed more discordant than concordant DNA changes. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups of tumours: one comprised predominantly of Belarussian carcinomas and the other largely consisting of WNY cases. In total, 50 CNAs occurred significantly more commonly in one cohort vs the other, and these included some candidate signature amplifications in the breast cancers in women exposed to significant radiation. In conclusion, our high-density aCGH study has revealed a large number of genetic aberrations in individual premenopausal breast cancer specimens, some of which had not been reported before. We identified a distinct CNA profile for carcinomas from a nuclear fallout area, suggesting a possible molecular fingerprint of radiation-associated breast cancer.

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Revisiting Nuclear Power Plant Safety

Hippel¹

2003

Science

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Design and analysis of epidemiological studies of excess cancer among children exposed to chernobyl radionuclides

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Trends in Solid Tumor Incidence in Ukraine 30 Years After Chernobyl

Trends in Solid Tumor Incidence in Ukraine 30 Years After Chernobyl

Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) analysis of premenopausal breast cancers from a nuclear fallout area and matched cases from Western New York

Revisiting Nuclear Power Plant Safety

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