“…In light of the increasing importance of LMD and the associated high costs, air pollution, and logistical challenges, research on sustainable LMD is highly trending and dynamic. Numerous LMD modes have emerged such as autonomous delivery robot [2], [3], cargo bicycle [4], [5], drone [6], [7], e-cargo bike [8], [9], mobile parcel locker [10], [11], mobile post office [12], postomates (i.e., stationary parcel lockers) [13], [14], traditional approach (i.e., courier performs LMD using a traditional road vehicle) [15], [16], tube transport [17], etc. Introducing sustainable LMD mode in the system is of the highest interest, not just for the logistics industry, but also for authorities, citizens, and inter-related business entities.…”