Design and Analysis of Continuous-Mode Doherty Power Amplifier With Second Harmonic Control

Shi, Weimin; Wen, Shengyou; Peng, Jun; Feng, Linping; Gao, Yong; He, Songbai; Yue, C. Patrick

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3051734

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To increase the bandwidth, many techniques have been proposed, e.g., using modified load modulation networks [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. As the continuous-mode (CM) theory can expand the design space for RF PAs [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], CM DPAs have also been proposed [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], aiming to achieve high efficiency at OBO over wideband operation. However, with further increased bandwidth, the Doherty design becomes difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Extended Design Space Using Second Harmonic Manipulation

Chu

Pang

Darraji³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This article presents the design methodology of a broadband radio frequency (RF)-input sequential load modulated balanced amplifier (SLMBA) with extended high-efficiency design space, by introducing the second-harmonic load manipulation over an enlarged range for the control amplifier (CA). The extension of CA load design space not only can provide the timedomain-varying drain current waveform inside the entire design continuum but also allows maintaining high efficiency at output power back-off (OBO) over an extended operation bandwidth. To validate the theory, a broadband SLMBA operating at 2.05-3.65 GHz was designed and fabricated using packaged gallium nitride (GaN) transistors. The implemented power amplifier (PA) attains a measured 45.2-46.8-dBm peak output power. Drain efficiency (DE) of 61.2%-79.7% at saturation and 50.5%-66.2% at 8-dB OBO is achieved throughout the designed bandwidth. When tested with a 100-MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal with a peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of 8 dB, the proposed SLMBA achieves 50.7%-63.5% average DE over 2.05-3.55 GHz and better than −45.1 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) after digital predistortion (DPD).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Extended Design Space Using Second Harmonic Manipulation

Chu

Pang

Darraji³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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show abstract

“…The mixed-signal PAs need external digital controls [11,12,13], while the out-phasing PAs require additional signal separation and suffer from nonlinearity [14,15,16,17]. As for Doherty PAs, instead of the bulky and lossy 𝜆/4 transmission line (TL) [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], the transformer-based passive networks are selected together with the capacitors to realize both impedance matching and load modulation [25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 41-GHz 19.4-dBm P<sub>sat</sub> CMOS Doherty power amplifier for 5G NR applications

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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In this letter, a 41-GHz Doherty power amplifier (PA) in standard 65nm CMOS technology is introduced for 5G New Radio (NR) applications. The proposed PA implements the transformer-based parallel-combined Doherty structure to enhance the power-added efficiency (PAE). A tunable 90-deg hybrid coupler is proposed for output phase compensation. This work achieves a saturated output power (P sat ) of 19.4dBm and an OP1dB of 18.6dBm at 41.5GHz under a 1-V power supply. The peak PAE and the PAE at 6-dB output power back-off (PBO) are 30.4% and 19.2%, respectively. This work also supports single-carrier mode (SC-mode) 400-MSymbols/s 256QAM and OFDMA-mode 400-MHz 256QAM. The core chip area is 0.22 mm 2 with a static power consumption of 76mW.

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“…In Reference 5, a two‐way symmetrical DPA have been proposed based on fuzzy logic techniques which can simplify and speed up the design of continuous‐mode, the proposed technique uses the K‐means unsupervised learning clustering algorithm. Reference 6 further analyzes the load modulation trajectories of two sub power amplifiers and presents an analytical method for harmonic control in CM‐DPAs. Reference 7 introduces the real frequency technique to satisfy several necessary conditions derived from the vector analysis for solving broadband matching problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a broadband Doherty power amplifier with a modified load modulation network

Lai

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article proposes a modified load modulation network (LMN) to adjust the structure of the traditional Doherty power amplifier (DPA) by changing one λ/4 microstrip line at the output of the main power amplifier into two in the traditional DPA and connecting a terminal open-circuit λ/2 line at the junction point which can reduce the frequency dispersion effect to achieve expanding bandwidth while maintaining saturation efficiency and back-off efficiency. A 2.6-3.6 GHz DPA is designed and fabricated for verification. The measured results show that the saturated output power is 42.5-44 dBm and the saturated efficiency is between 63% and 69% in target band with a gain from 8.5 to 9.5 dB. At 6 dB output power back-off, the drain efficiency is 44%-50%. And the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than À32 dBc. K E Y W O R D Sback-off efficiency, broadband, Doherty power amplifier (DPA), load modulation network | INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Communication operators usually adopt more complex modulation methods to increase the amount of data carried per unit bandwidth. However, this will also increase the peak to average ratio (PAPR) of the signal, which puts forward higher requirements for the output power back-off (OBO) efficiency of the RF power amplifier (PA) which is an important part of the communication system. Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is widely used in wireless communication systems because of its simple structure and high back-off efficiency, but its narrowband effect limits its development. [1][2][3][4] One of the main reasons is the influence of load modulation network (LMN). According to the transmission line theory, when the operating frequency deviates from the center frequency, there is a frequency dispersion effect which cause the input impedance of the LMN deviates from the designed value.

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Design and Analysis of Continuous-Mode Doherty Power Amplifier With Second Harmonic Control

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Broadband Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Extended Design Space Using Second Harmonic Manipulation

Broadband Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Extended Design Space Using Second Harmonic Manipulation

A 41-GHz 19.4-dBm P<sub>sat</sub> CMOS Doherty power amplifier for 5G NR applications

Design of a broadband Doherty power amplifier with a modified load modulation network

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