Design and analysis of an all-optical NAND logic gate using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure

Heydarian, Khosro; Nosratpour, Arez; Razaghi, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2022.100992

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Photonic transmission technologies also offer options for frequency mixing through sampling techniques [20][21][22][23]. SOA-MZIs can also be used for the gate functions [24,25] in the ripple carry adder design [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Termos,

Mansour

2024

Photonics

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This article presents an analysis of an electro-optical up-converter relying on a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI). The pulsed control signal is generated by an optical pulse clock (OPC) with a repetition rate of fs= 19.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency (IF) signal, which carries the modulation format known as quadratic phase shift keying (QPSK) at a frequency fIF, is shifted at the output of the SOA-MZI to high outlet mixing frequencies nfs±fIF, where n represents the harmonic order of the OPC. To examine the characteristics of the sampled QPSK signals, we employ the Virtual Photonics Inc. (VPI) emulator and evaluate them using significate metrics like error vector magnitudes (EVMs), conversion gains, and bit error rates (BERs). The up-mixing process is mainly achieved through the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in the SOA-MZI, which operates within a 195.5 GHz ultrahigh frequency (UHF). The electro-optical SOA-MZI up-converter demonstrates consistent uplifting conversion gains across the scope of the output mixing frequencies. The simulated conversion gain deteriorates from 38 dB at 20 GHz to 13 dB at 195.5 GHz. The operational efficiency of the electro-optical SOA-MZI design, employing the standard modulation approach, is also evaluated by measuring the EVM values. The EVM attains a 24% performance level at a data rate of 5 Gbit/s in conjunction with the UHF of 195.5 GHz. To corroborate our results, we compare them with real-world experiments conducted with the UHF of 59 GHz. The maximum frequency range of 1 THz is attained by increasing the OPC repetition rate. Ultimately, through elevating the control frequency to 100 GHz, the generation of terahertz replicas of the 4096-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) compound signal becomes achievable at heightened UHF, extending 1 THz, while maintaining a data transmission rate of 120 Gbit/s and upholding exceptional performance characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Termos,

Mansour

2024

Photonics

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“…Implementing a nonlinear medium is essential to complete the design of an all-optical system which plays a major role in modulating the input light signals into the desired output. At a data rate of 80 Gbps, the configuration of the NAND logic gates employing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and PC-SOA with Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure has been designed to achieve an extinction ratio of 7.1 dB and 16.2 dB, respectively (Heydarian et al, 2022). In addition, a three-input all-optical NAND gate that makes use of polarisation rotation in an SOA was demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Numerical Analysis of SOA Based All Optical NAND Gate for High Data Rate Communication

Anusooya

Ponmalar²,

Manikandan³

et al. 2023

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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As a result of the development of advanced semiconductor-based optical switching devices and their commercialization, concepts and technologies in all-optical signal processing have evolved significantly in the past few years. In order to realize logical operations in photonic computing, universal gates are needed. In this research, the simple and compact all-optical NAND gate was designed using SOA and simulated at a high data rate of 10Gbps to 40 Gbps. The performance of the proposed NAND gate is shown by the numerical analysis for various input combinations and SOA. By changing wavelengths, injection currents, confinement factors, as well as optical components such as sources, amplifiers, and filters, a numerical analysis is performed. Unique results were obtained at a 10 Gbps data rate for NRZ-L user-defined bit sequences. This kind of all-optical NAND gate will be the perfect alternative in the field of optical computing to realize a high-speed optical communication network. An extinction ratio of 11.48 dB is achieved at a high-speed data rate of 10 Gbps to 40Gbps. The output spectrum of the designed NAND logic is also received for a wide input spectrum and the system responds selectively for the input wavelength at 1548.3 nm which is the probe signal wavelength.

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“…[47], inducing a 2D PhCs-based cavity at the start of the optical membrane in dielectric structures, to amplify or de-amplify the given data signal with the help of a control signal using the FDTD approach [48]. Correspondingly, the field of PhC-based logic gates have seen a peak in recent time, where vast research is dedicated to the design of optical modulators [49], couplers [50], multiplexers [51], and logic gates i.e., NOT [52], OR [53], AND [54] and universal logic gates i.e., NOR [55], NAND [56], XOR [57], XNOR [58] and their usage in the optical integrated circuits. However, no such investigation is performed, using a dual source to implement the all-optical switching action in the 2D PhC structures using the phenomena of GMR with a PhC-cavity in the middle of the PhC-lattice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Optical-Switching Mechanism Using Guided Mode Resonances

et al. 2022

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Recently, photonic crystals have paved the way to control photonic signals. Therefore, this research numerically investigated the design of the optical switch using the guided-mode resonances in photonic crystals operating in a communication window around 1.55 μm. The design of the device is based on a dielectric slab waveguide to make it compatible with optical waveguides in photonic circuits. Moreover, two signals are used and are termed as the data signal and control signal. The data signal is coupled into the optical waveguide using an out-of-the-plane vertical coupling mechanism, whereas the control signal is index-guided into the optical waveguide to amplify the data signal. The switching parameters of the optical switch are adjusted by changing the number of the photonic crystal periods and implementing a varying radius PhC-cavity within the middle of the PhC-lattice, where the optical characteristics in terms of resonant wavelength, reflection peaks, linewidth, and quality factor of the data signal can be adjusted. The numerical simulations are carried out in open-source finite difference time domain-based software. Congruently, 7% optical amplification is achieved in the data signal with a wavelength shift of 0.011 μm and a quality factor of 12.64. The amplification of the data signal can be utilized to implement an optical switching mechanism. The device is easy to implement and has great potential to be used in programmable photonics and optical integrated circuits.

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Design and analysis of an all-optical NAND logic gate using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Simulation and Numerical Analysis of SOA Based All Optical NAND Gate for High Data Rate Communication

Investigation of Optical-Switching Mechanism Using Guided Mode Resonances

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