Design and Analysis of a Helmet Equipped with Graded Honeycomb Structure Under Impact of Flat and Hemi-spherical Anvils

Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance

“…2D extruded cellular structures, such as honeycombs (figure 5(A)), repeat periodically in two directions [398]. Honeycomb and tubular structures are studied frequently as energy-absorbing elements in sports equipment and helmets [23, [399][400][401][402][403], such as in Koroyd's helmet liner [31]. 3D periodic cellular structures, such as lattices, consist of unit cells repeating in three directions, increasing degrees of freedom during design, but also increasing manufacturing complexity and hence costs [395,397,398,[404][405][406][407][408][409].…”

Dynamic crushing of tailored honeycombs realized via additive manufacturing

“…Given that the mutual interaction between damage modes is very complex at low velocities, damage mechanisms can be better understood by conducting real-time experiments at such velocities. Previous studies on honeycomb structures with spatially graded features were performed mostly via numerical and/or analytical approaches [18,28,47,48], as the fabrication of complex cellular structures via traditional manufacturing techniques continued to be a challenge. Therefore, experimental studies on honeycombs under out-of-plane impact loading are mostly limited to simple topologies and uniform cell-wall thickness.…”

Design and Numerical Analysis of Corrugated Helmet Under Impact Test

“…Using honeycomb structure in helmet has been analysed by many articles [7][8][9]. The honeycomb structure is being still considered the most reliable layer structure for the design of helmets [8].…”

“…Many researchers start to look at effect of material and thickness on helmet shock absorption [10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, the others are looking at changing the structure to find the effect of shock absorption by different structures by [7,8,[16][17][18][19][20]. Fashid looked at the honeycomb structure and found that honeycomb structure would create less injuries from the front to the head of the user [7].…”

“…However, the others are looking at changing the structure to find the effect of shock absorption by different structures by [7,8,[16][17][18][19][20]. Fashid looked at the honeycomb structure and found that honeycomb structure would create less injuries from the front to the head of the user [7]. One of the first attempts to define the tolerance of the brain which shows how the brain tolerates higher accelerations if the duration of the pulse is shorter.…”