Design and Analysis of a Compact Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications

Abstract

The design and analysis of a compact dual-band wearable antenna for WBAN applications is presented. The antenna was prototyped on a semi-flexible Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with compact dimensions of 41 × 44 mm 2 which corresponds to 0.33 λ0 × 0.35 λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.4 GHz. The antenna is designed in the preliminary stage to resonate at 5.8 GHz. An inverted U-shaped slot is added to the patch to create one more resonant frequency at 2.4 GHz. In order to enhance the antenna's bandwidth and gain, two slots at the patch's bottom edge and a partial ground are added. The measured percentage of impedance bandwidth at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz are 3.75% and 5.17%, respectively. The gain is measured to be 3.74 dBi and 5.13 dBi and the efficiency is 91.4% and 92.3%, respectively at the operating bands. The measured radiation patterns exhibit a bidirectional and directional radiation pattern in the E-plane at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, while omnidirectional radiation patterns are observed in the H-plane. At 2.4 GHz, the SAR limits are simulated to be 0.955 W/kg and 0.571 W/kg for 1 g and 10 g of human tissue, while at 5.8 GHz, the SAR limits are 0.478 W/kg and 0.127 W/kg, respectively. Therefore, the proposed antenna has met the FCC and ICNIRP standards. Bending conditions and on-body measurements of the proposed antenna indicate that the antenna's performance is unaffected. As a result, it is shown that the antenna possessed the ability to be utilized in WBAN applications.INDEX TERMS Dual-band, patch antenna, WBAN applications, SAR, bending condition.

Design and Implementation of Active Antennas for IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring System

“…12(b), a substantial current concentration is still noticeable around the center of the main radiating patch. The findings are consistent with the theoretical framework described in previous research [9], which asserts that the operating frequency is influenced by the current path length along the antenna's patch. Specifically, as the current path on the radiating structure of antennas extends, the resonant frequency decreases, and conversely, a shorter current path leads to a higher resonant frequency.…”

“…An integral component within wireless sensor technology is the antenna, which plays a crucial role as IoT techniques continue to rapidly evolve, discovering more and more uses in a variety of industries, including monitoring, agriculture, intelligent cities, intelligent homes, and surveillance. The expanding need in communication technology for multifrequency and multi-function antennas has led to significant attention being focused on the design of compact and easily integrated antennas in recent years [9]. In the realm of advanced wireless communication devices, there is a growing need for versatile antennas that can adapt to rapidly changing user requirements [10].…”

Low-power body-coupled transceiver for miniaturized body area networks

“…The only thing that was not used was two on-body antennas with extended phantoms. Musa et al [20] present the creation and evaluation of a small, dual-band handheld antenna for WBAN applications. An inverted U-shaped notch is added to the alteration to increase its resonance frequency to 2.4 GHz.…”

Fabric–Metal Barrier for Low Specific Absorption Rate and Wide-Band Felt Substrate Antenna for Medical and 5G Applications

“…This antenna also produces omnidirectional radiation, which has As a result, radiation directed at the surface of the human body is significantly reduced, and the antenna's overall gain and front-to-back ratio also show improvements (FBR) [7,[33][34][35][36]. This antenna also produces omnidirectional radiation, which has been linked to an increase in dangerous human applications [37,38]. Nevertheless, Section 4 discusses the proposed solution and the laboratory experiment.…”