Design and analysis of a 32 × 5 Gbps passive optical network employing FSO based protection at the distribution level☆

Mirza, Jawad; Imtiaz, Waqas A.; Aljohani, Abdulah Jeza; Atieh, Ahmad; Ghafoor, Salman

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2020.08.020

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…3. In the OLT, the various wavelengths are used to connect to the 10 GHz Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) for generating a 10 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation signal with a pattern length of 2 15 −1. The output power of each downstream wavelength is nearly 7.5 dBm after outputting the OLT.…”

Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, we can perform fiber-or FSO-based fault protection operations based on actual needs. In the previous studies [8,15,17], they needed to apply dual fiber paths to connect to two adjacent ONUs for avoid the fault of distribution fiber. And there was no clear design and description in refs.…”

Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes due to special terrain restrictions or the cost fiber deployment, using wireless FSO connection in PON architecture will be an alternative. To achieve the survivable and flexible access operation, the several blended FSO and fiber link methods in PON architectures have been proposed recently [8,[13][14][15]. In 2020, Yeh et al first demonstrated bidirectional 10 Gbit/s/ on-off keying (OOK) ring-topology PON network by using time-division-multiplexing (TDM)-FSO access through 50 km fiber and 260 m FSO transmissions between two optical network units (ONUs) for fault protection [13,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, Yeh et al first demonstrated bidirectional 10 Gbit/s/ on-off keying (OOK) ring-topology PON network by using time-division-multiplexing (TDM)-FSO access through 50 km fiber and 260 m FSO transmissions between two optical network units (ONUs) for fault protection [13,14]. Then, Mirza et al simulated a 5 Gbit/s/ OOK self-protected polarization division multiplexing (PDM) WDM-PON with dual-path for fiber and FSO links between remote node (RN) and ONU for prevention [15]. This simulation results only displayed the ideal case for FSO and fiber transmission without the control mechanism of dual-polarization in real PON system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

Yeh

Liaw

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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In the work, we study and express a new wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture with fiber fault protection. The designed optical network unit (ONU) module and periodic spectrum of 2N array waveguide grating (AWG) are applied to produce the self-protected mechanism. Here, we employ the free space optical communication (FSO)-and fiber-based connection between two adjacent ONUs to achieve signal relink. Moreover, the corresponding signal performances of downstream and upstream are also analyzed and discussed.

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Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

Yeh

Liaw

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…In such case, any of the ONU will not receive the signal and the purpose of architecture fails. 32 × 5 Gbps PON integrated with FSO protection was addressed in Mirza et al ( 2020 ). The architecture enabled the protection of the commercial centers by duplicating the FSO link in parallel with the fiber link between the polarization splitter and optical switch at distribution network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMF/FSO integrated dual-rate reliable and energy efficient WDM optical access network for smart and urban communities

et al. 2021

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To handle the massive high-speed internet traffic, free space optics (FSO) or single-mode fiber (SMF) based fiber optic communication is being used everywhere across the world. These technologies are capable of providing huge bandwidth and transmitting the data at very high speed with low energy consumption. FSO is a very convenient technology to quickly expand the legacy network in the adverse geographical areas. However, its link performance is highly dependent of inconsistent weather conditions. SMF based fiber optic link has a very low loss and its performance is almost independent on the weather conditions. Though, the installation and maintenance of fibers are quite complex and costly. Individually, FSO or SMF links have their limitations and have to be integrated to leverage their benefits. In this paper, we integrated FSO/SMF links and compared the performance of the proposed architecture which is capable of providing high-speed dual-rate data transmission. The proposed architecture transmits data over either FSO or SMF or both links simultaneously and has 100% more reliability against any one of the link failures. In case of operational link failure (FSO/SMF), data may be switched to the alternative working link (SMF/FSO), simply by tuning the transmitted signal by 50 GHz. The proposed architecture is also reliable against the optical line terminal transceiver (TRx) failure as each user located in the network can be served by two transceivers (1 Gbps and 10 Gbps). The proposed architecture also supports the wavelength division multiplexing overlay transmission for broadcasting the common signal to all the available users in the networks. The architecture reduces ~ 27% of the energy consumption by utilizing the appropriate link of hybrid architecture and TRx according to weather conditions and traffic load. The integrated architecture looks attractive for providing energy-efficient, high speed, and reliable internet coverage to the areas where there is a difficulty of laying fibers and has frequent fiber faults. The architecture is useful for strengthening and boosting rural and urban development.

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Design of L + U‐band Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier based on a single S‐band forward pump source

Mirza

Ghafoor

Salman

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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Summary The multi‐band transmission (MBT) technique is one of the most cutting‐edge approaches to increase the capacity of fiber‐optic transmission systems and meeting the growing bandwidth demand. MBT technique considers the transmission in C + L‐ and U‐bands based on Erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Therefore, we propose a high gain and low noise figure EDFA for L + U‐band amplification having gain bandwidth of more than 82 nm in the spectral range of 1578–1660 nm, based on a single standard S‐band forward pump source. The L + U‐band amplification is obtained by pumping the gain medium which is heavily doped with Er3+. The results based on numerical simulations show that an efficient amplification is obtained over L + U‐band with an average small signal gain of around 39 dB covering 1578–1660 nm wavelength range while incorporating a short 12 m length of Erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) at an optimized pump power of 300 mW. A maximum noise figure of 4.46 dB is observed at 1593 nm. In addition, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of different C‐band pump wavelengths has also been evaluated, and the findings show that the PCE of 1560 nm pump wavelength is 70% higher than standard 1480 nm pump wavelength at the expense of cost efficiency. Finally, the system level performance of the designed L + U‐band EDFA is investigated in a five channel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) link.

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Design and analysis of a 32 × 5 Gbps passive optical network employing FSO based protection at the distribution level☆

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

SMF/FSO integrated dual-rate reliable and energy efficient WDM optical access network for smart and urban communities

Design of L + U‐band Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier based on a single S‐band forward pump source

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