Design and Analysis of 3-Input NAND/NOR/XNOR Gate Based on 2D Photonic Crystals

Abstract

In this paper, Two Dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystal (PhC) based 3-input all optical NOR, NAND and XNOR gates is proposed and designed. The proposed device is formed by the combination of line defects and square cavity. The performance of the device is analyzed using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The band gap analysis is done by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The device has the lattice constant and refractive index of 616 nm and 3.46, respectively. The dimension of the proposed structure is about 12.5 µm*12 µm which is highly compact and suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC).

2D FDTD Electromagnetic Simulation of an Ultracompact All Optical Logic Gate Based on 2D Photonic Crystal for Ultrafast Applications

“…IV summarizes important performance parameters of the device. The performance results of the proposed device were compared with the performance of some NAND logic gates that have been published in recent years [3,4,28,[36][37][38][39][40].…”

“…The contrast ratio is the most important parameter for studying the performance of AOLGs [23]. The contrast ratio [3], [28], [29], [30] is defined as the ratio between the average power in the ON state (PON) and the average power in the OFF state (POFF), is given (in dB) by…”

Compact 4-bit all optical digital to analog converter based on photonic crystal ring resonators

“…The input and output signal powers are obtained using observation points which are placed at the output ports. The normalized transmission is calculated using the following formula [14]:…”

“…The ring resonators are designed by removing an array of 5 × 7 dielectric rods. Scattering rods are placed at the corners of the waveguides in order to have reduced back reflection [14]. resonance wavelength has been designed to be 1550 nm.…”

“…Photonic crystals were classified into three groups based on the directions of periodicity, where 2D crystals are found to have a major role in commercial use in the form of different optical components. Components such as add-drop filters [1], optical power splitters [2], channel drop filters [3,4], multiplexers and demultiplexers [5], polarization beam splitters [6], triplexer [7], switches [8], directional couplers [9], bandstopfilters [10], bandpass filters [11], analog-to-digital converter (ADC) [12], digital-to-analog converter (DAC) [13], optical gates [14], circulators [15,16], photonic crystal fibers [17,18] have been designed and analysed by researchers for various applications.…”