Design, Analysis, and Simulation of 60 GHz Millimeter Wave MIMO Microstrip Antennas

Abstract

This article comparatively shows the evolution of parameters of three types of arrays for MIMO microstrip antennas, to which the number of ports is gradually incremented until reaching 32. The three arrays have a 1 × 2 configuration in each port and present different geometry or type of coupling in the next way: square patch with quarter-wave coupling (Antenna I), square patch with inset feed (Antenna II) and circular patch with quarter-wave coupling (Antenna III). The arrays were designed and simulated to operate on the millimetric wave band, specifically in the 60 GHz frequency to be used in wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 ad. A method of rapid prototyping was formulated to increase the number of elements in the array obtaining dimensions and coordinates of location in the layout in short periods of time. The simulation was conducted through ADS software, and the results of gain, directivity, return loss, bandwidth, beamwidth, and efficiency were evaluated. In terms of array results of 32 ports, Antenna III obtained the lowest return loss with −42.988 dB, being more than 19 dB lower than the others. The highest gain is also obtained by Antenna III with 24.541 dBi and an efficiency of 66%. Antenna II obtained better efficiency, reaching 71.03%, but with a gain of more than 2dB below the Antenna III. Antenna I obtained the best bandwidth.

Quad port P-shaped MIMO antenna array for 60 GHz applications

“…Consequently, increasing the spatial distance between elements is considered a good solution for reducing the mutual coupling, but it increases the antenna size [ 25 , 26 ]. Researchers made an effort to design several single and MIMO antennas at 60 GHz taking into consideration the mutual coupling reduction and the size compactness to be embedded in handheld devices [ [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ].…”

“…In Ref. [ 34 ], the design of three different types of MIMO antenna arrays consisting of up to 32 ports is presented and simulated using ADS (advanced design system) software to evaluate the MIMO antenna performance. Each port of the 32 ports is connected to an array of 1 × 2 array of three different varieties of antennas: circular-shaped patch with quarter-wave coupling and square-shaped patch with quarter-wave coupling and with inset feed.…”

“…The three different types of antennas succeeded in achieving the desired performance in terms of impedance matching at 60 GHz with return loss below −20 dB in all cases, impedance bandwidth greater than 1.27 GHz, gain varied between 6.74 dBi to 24.5 dBi, and also efficiency varied between 49.2 % and 71.3 %. All the performances of the previously investigated literature [ [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ] have a trade-off between various parameters such as size, impedance bandwidth, gain, and diversity parameters. The challenging task in this paper is to design a highly compact MIMO antenna to be embedded in small handheld devices in addition to improved gain and radiation characteristics that fit the requirements of modern 5G wireless technologies, especially in the MIMO environment.…”

Quad-port MIMO antenna with high isolation characteristics for sub 6-GHz 5G NR communication

“…The MIMO antennas should be able to provide high inter-element isolation between antenna elements and gain 11 – 13 . The high inter-element isolation aids in achieving higher throughput from the MIMO antenna system causing better communication efficiency 14 – 16 . The MIMO antennas can exhibit increased channel capacity and enhanced link reliability through multipath propagation techniques.…”