Desiccation-Tolerance in Lichens: A Review

Kranner, Ilse; Beckett, Richard P.; Hochman, Ayala; Nash, Thomas H.

doi:10.1639/0007-2745-111.4.576

Cited by 289 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that the expressions of genes involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis in E. pusillum are significantly induced under desiccation (Table S1 in Supporting Information, Figure 2). Several antioxidant mechanisms, such as SOD and glutathione, have been reported in lichens [56]. However, this is the first report demonstrating that the low-molecular-weight antioxidant vitamin B6 is related to oxidative stress response and drought resistance in lichen-forming fungi.…”

Section: The Common Drought-resistant Mechanisms In E Pusillummentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

Wang

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2014

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The lichen-forming fungus was isolated from the desert lichen Endocarpon pusillum that is extremely drought resistant. To understand the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in the fungus, we employed RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR to compare and characterize the differentially expressed genes in pure culture at two different water levels and with that in desiccated lichen. The comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1781 genes were differentially expressed between samples cultured under normal and PEG-induced drought stress conditions. Similar to those in drought resistance plants and non-lichenized fungi, the common drought-resistant mechanisms were differentially expressed in E. pusillum. However, the expression change of genes involved in osmotic regulation in E. pusillum is different, which might be the evidence for the feature of drought adaptation. Interestingly, different from other organisms, some genes involved in drought adaption mechanisms showed significantly different expression patterns between the presence and absence of drought stress in E. pusillum. The expression of 23 candidate stress responsive genes was further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using dehydrated E. pusillum lichen thalli. This study provides a valuable resource for future research on lichen-forming fungi and shall facilitate future functional studies of the specific genes related to drought resistance. lichen, mycobiont, dehydration, drought adaption, drought resistant Citation:Wang YY, Zhang XY, Zhou QM, Zhang XL, Wei JC. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms.

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Section: The Common Drought-resistant Mechanisms In E Pusillummentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

Wang

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2014

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…We suggest these pools to have different functions within the lichendominated BSC. The short-chained sugars and sugar alcohols with low-molecular weight in the alcohol fraction have been assigned to many different roles in terms of stress resistance and survival, desiccation protection (Kranner et al, 2008), freezing protection (Tearle, 1987;Roser et al, 1992) or being antioxidants (Kranner et al, 2005;Green et al, 2011;Figure 4). No such roles have been described for the hot water soluble long-chain carbohydrates and we suggest this pool to be an intermediate storage mainly to support growth but also to sustain the short-chained sugar pool if necessary (absolute transfer rate from one compartment to another is 2.5 Â 10-4/h, Farrar, 1978).…”

Section: Carbon Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat stress initiates changes in composition, CO2 gas exchange and C-allocation as life traits in biological soil crusts

et al. 2014

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Biological soil crusts (BSC) are the dominant functional vegetation unit in some of the harshest habitats in the world. We assessed BSC response to stress through changes in biotic composition, CO 2 gas exchange and carbon allocation in three lichen-dominated BSC from habitats with different stress levels, two more extreme sites in Antarctica and one moderate site in Germany. Maximal net photosynthesis (NP) was identical, whereas the water content to achieve maximal NP was substantially lower in the Antarctic sites, this apparently being achieved by changes in biomass allocation. Optimal NP temperatures reflected local climate. The Antarctic BSC allocated fixed carbon (tracked using 14 CO 2 ) mostly to the alcohol soluble pool (low-molecular weight sugars, sugar alcohols), which has an important role in desiccation and freezing resistance and antioxidant protection. In contrast, BSC at the moderate site showed greater carbon allocation into the polysaccharide pool, indicating a tendency towards growth. The results indicate that the BSC of the more stressed Antarctic sites emphasise survival rather than growth. Changes in BSC are adaptive and at multiple levels and we identify benefits and risks attached to changing life traits, as well as describing the ecophysiological mechanisms that underlie them.

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“…desiccation tolerant organisms (e.g. lichens, bryophytes, resurrection plants) that have to cope with chlorophyll in the dry state and need photo-protection during life in the dry state (Kranner et al 2002(Kranner et al , 2008Heber et al 2006;Farrant et al 2009). This could have been the case of green spores in this study, which during maturation/ drying in the sporangia, or right after dispersal, accumulate high levels of TAA to cope with the light-associated risks posed by the chlorophyll molecules they contain when dispersed in the dry state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other organisms tolerant to desiccation that retain chlorophyll in the dry state light is absorbed by the pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus, and it is known that when water is absent, free radicals are produced and threaten to oxidise components of the photosynthetic apparatus (Heber et al 2006;Kranner et al 2008). In this sense, photo-oxidative stress has been related to ageing of dry chlorophyllous seeds through damage to thylakoid membranes (Roqueiro et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-oxidation modulates green fern spore longevity during dry storage

Ballesteros

Narayan

Varghese

et al. 2018

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Desiccation tolerance and longevity of plant propagules in the dry state have significant implications for biotechnological applications. In this study fern spores were used as a unicellular model to characterize some of the mechanisms of ageing during dry storage of plant propagules (at relative humidity ca. 15%). More specifically, we compared the potential relationships among indicators of photo-oxidative stress and spore viability during dry storage between green (chlorophyllous) spores of Todea barbara and non-green spores of Christella dentata. Green spores stored under the light aged faster than those stored in the dark, and faster than light-and dark-stored non-green spores of C. dentata. This rapid ageing in light-stored green spores was associated with significantly lower antioxidant activity (relative to time zero and dark-stored spores) during storage, and a burst of hydrogen peroxide during the latter stages of storage, which was not a feature of dark-stored spores. We attribute these signs of enhanced oxidative-stress mediated ageing in light-stored spores to photo-oxidative processes, similar to those described in other homoiochlorophyllous organisms. Additionally, high antioxidant activity and low levels of reactive oxygen species in green spores compared with non-green spores suggests differing mechanisms of coping with life in the dry state.

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Desiccation-Tolerance in Lichens: A Review

Cited by 289 publications

References 93 publications

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

Habitat stress initiates changes in composition, CO2 gas exchange and C-allocation as life traits in biological soil crusts

Photo-oxidation modulates green fern spore longevity during dry storage

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