Desertification Assessment Using Medalus Model in Upper Lamchiengkrai Watershed, Thailand

Abstract

Abstract. Desertification is a global environmental problem. It affects harmful on economic, social and environmental that ultimately effects on quality of human life. Thailand is the 174th member of the UNCCD, according to the Thailand report of desertification by LDD (2004). It was found that the area of degraded land or desertification land in Thailand was 33.57 million hectares which were agricultural soil problem. Soil erosion and soil salinity are major problems for agricultural soil in Thailand. Thus, to prevent and fix such problems, assessment and evaluation of soil properties are essential. Lamchiengkrai watershed in Nakhon Ratchasima province presents soil salinity exposure area which is a major problem in the Northeast region of Thailand. This study aims to access a new approach for assessing the extent and the risk of desertification land by MEDALUS model based on geoinformatics technology in upper Lamchiengkrai watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima province. MEDALUS model is the factors of desertification assessment. Four groups of factors were examined, including vegetation (fire risk, erosion protection, and drought resistance), climatic (rainfall and rainfall erosivity), soil (soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, soil depth, drainage, and slope), and human activity factor (land use and soil erosion). The results of the study indicated that 67.25% of the area was classified as high risk, 30.54% was classified as moderate risk and 2.22% was classified as low risk to desertification land. In addition, the factors affected on the high-risk area were climate and vegetation factors. Moderate risk area was influenced by the human activity factor and soil factors.

Changes in slow-onset climate events in Thailand

“…There is also about 62 percent (10.4 million hectares) of the areas in the Northeastern region where the soil has low fertility and certain areas are saline [76]. The major causes of land degradation and desertification found in Thailand include the dissolution and translocation of soil minerals caused by heavy rainfall, seasonal and prolonged droughts, and land use without soil improvement, as well as over-exploitation of land, soil erosion and expansion of saline caused by steep slope land use [77][78][79]. Furthermore, deforestation in Thailand has a substantial impact on the degradation of land resources [79][80].…”

Identifying Degraded and Sensitive to Desertification Agricultural Soils in Thessaly, Greece, under Simulated Future Climate Scenarios

“…The most worldwide and even quite recently applied or modified procedure for assessing land desertification risk is the methodology of Environmentally Sensitive Areas [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] that was first introduced in the framework of the EU-funded project MEDALUS III [5]. According to this methodology, the different areas of the Mediterranean environment were categorized based on their vulnerability to desertification.…”