Desensitization of the cough reflex during limb muscle contraction in anesthetized rabbits

Poussel, Mathias; Bosser, Gilles; Varechova, Silvia; Demoulin, Bruno; Chalon, Bernard; Ruckebusch, Odile; Tiotiu, Angélica; Renaud, Pierre; Chenuel, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.005

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As previously described [ 8 ], the trachea was exposed via a midline incision, paying attention to preserve the integrity of vagal nerves. Rabbits were then tracheotomized and intubated with a steel tracheal cannula inserted caudally, allowing spontaneous breathing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tidal Volume (V t ) and flow were displayed continuously throughout the period of acquisition and were stored on disk for later analysis. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured by an adjustment of the forced oscillation technique, as previously detailed [ 8 , 14 , 15 ], in order to evaluate the exercise induced bronchodilation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major cardiorespiratory adjustments occurring during exercise [ 6 ] undoubtedly may influence the cough reflex (CR). Some evidence suggest that cough is decreased during exercise in healthy subjects [ 7 ] as well as in animals models [ 8 ]. In contrast, exercise-induced cough is frequently reported by asthmatic patients [ 9 ] or even by athletes exhibiting airway inflammation [ 10 ], suggesting the potential of airway inflammation to enhance the CR during exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of desensitization of the cough reflex in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits during exercise

Tiotiu¹,

Chenuel²,

Foucaud³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionCough is a major symptom of asthma frequently experienced during exercise but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise. The goal of our study was to clarify the potential modulation of the cough reflex (CR) by exercise in a spontaneously breathing anaesthetized animal model of airway eosinophilic inflammation.Materials & methodsTen ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized adult rabbits and 8 controls were studied. The ventilatory response to direct tracheal stimulation, performed both at rest and during exercise was determined to quantify the incidence and the sensitivity of the CR.Broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) and cell counts were performed to assess the level of the airway inflammation following OVA-induced sensitization. Exercise was mimicked by Electrically induced hindlimb Muscular Contractions (EMC).ResultsAmong 494 tracheal stimulations, 261 were performed at rest and 233 at exercise. OVA challenges in sensitized rabbits caused a significant increase in the percentage of eosinophils (p = 0.008) in BAL. EMC increased minute ventilation by 36% and 35% in OVA and control rabbits respectively, compared to rest values. The sensitivity of the CR decreased during exercise compared to baseline in control rabbits (p = 0.0313) while it remained unchanged in OVA rabbits.ConclusionThe desensitization of the CR during exercise in control rabbits was abolished in OVA rabbits. The precise role of airway inflammation in this lack of CR desensitization needs to be further investigated but it might contribute to the exercise-induced cough in asthmatics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of desensitization of the cough reflex in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits during exercise

Tiotiu¹,

Chenuel²,

Foucaud³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Pharyngeal afferents can activate not only the gag reflex (Bassi et al, 2004), but also coughing or the "urge-to-cough"; the receptors implicated are probably innervated by vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves or by trigeminal branches . Central and peripheral mechanisms involved in exercise and voluntary isocapnic hyperventilation may downregulate the cough response (Lavorini et al, 2010;Poussel et al, 2014). However, exercise (electrically induced hindlimb muscular contractions) in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits fails to produce similar effects (Tiotiu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Neuronal Recordings C-fos Immunohistochemistry and Lesion Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Mutolo

2017

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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A B S T R A C TCough is a very important airway protective reflex. Cough-related inputs are conveyed to the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) that projects to the brainstem respiratory network. The latter is reconfigured to generate the cough motor pattern. A high degree of modulation is exerted on second-order neurons and the brainstem respiratory network by sensory inputs and higher brain areas. Two medullary structures proved to have key functions in cough production and to be strategic sites of action for centrally active drugs: the cNTS and the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG). Drugs microinjected into these medullary structures caused downregulation or upregulation of the cough reflex. The results suggest that inhibition and disinhibition are prominent regulatory mechanisms of this reflex and that both the cNTS and the cVRG are essential in the generation of the entire cough motor pattern. Studies on the basic neural mechanisms subserving the cough reflex may provide hints for novel therapeutic approaches. Different proposals for further investigations are advanced.

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“…Chest wall vibrations increase the cough threshold to citric acid (Kondo et al, 1998), a suggestion that hyperpnoea related increased input from mechanoreceptors such as those located to intercostal muscles and/or costo-vertebral joints inhibits the cough reflex (Javorka et al, 1994). Bronchodilation has also been documented in exercising humans (Freedman, 1992; Crimi et al, 2002) as well as in an experimental exercise animal model (Marchal et al, 2012), where the cough reflex was also found to be inhibited (Poussel et al, 2014). The decreased strain to the airway wall structure with bronchodilation may contribute to desensitize the airway cough receptor and therefore to down regulate the cough reflex (Smith et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Down-Regulation of Cough during Exercise Is Less Frequent in Healthy Children than Adults. Role of the Development and/or Atopy?

et al. 2017

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Cough is typically associated with physical activity in children with asthma, but the characteristics of the relationship between cough and exercise has not been established under physiological conditions. The aim of the study was to describe the effect of exercise on the reflex cough response elicited by a single breath of capsaicin in non-asthmatic children. A group of non-asthmatic adults was studied as reference. Thirty children and 29 adults were recruited. The cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin was first determined to establish the dose that provokes 5 cough efforts (C5). The number of coughs elicited by C5 (NC5) was then compared at baseline and during a standardized submaximal treadmill exercise. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range). Children and adults showed a significant decrease in NC5 (respectively from 5.0 (4.0–6.0) to 2.5 (2.0–4.0), p < 0.0005 and from 6.0 (5.0–7.0) to 2.0 (0.0–3.0, p < 0.0005). During exercise, NC5 was observed to decrease in all adult subjects, but in only 24/30 children (80%, p = 0.02). A trend for a higher incidence of personal and familial atopy was observed in children that lacked cough down-regulation during exercise compared with other children. It is concluded that the cough reflex response to capsaicin is down regulated by exercise in both children and adults. The effect however is less consistently observed in the former. The difference may reflect maturation of descending inhibitory pathways of the cough reflex, but may also be associated to atopy. The data stress the importance of assessing the time relationship of cough and exercise in questionnaire studies of asthma.

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Desensitization of the cough reflex during limb muscle contraction in anesthetized rabbits

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Lack of desensitization of the cough reflex in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits during exercise

Lack of desensitization of the cough reflex in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits during exercise

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Down-Regulation of Cough during Exercise Is Less Frequent in Healthy Children than Adults. Role of the Development and/or Atopy?

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