Desempeño del modelo de comunicación política mexicano en la elección de 2018. Una evaluación comprehensiva

Abstract

<p>El modelo de comunicación política es un entramado normativo que establece expectativas de desempeño en los medios de comunicación mexicanos, así como una plataforma de información electoral. Aunque se han hecho esfuerzos aislados para conocer el desempeño de los medios durante las elecciones, no se ha realizado una evaluación integral del modelo en su conjunto. El presente trabajo ofrece resultados de análisis de contenido de los mensajes de 22 medios de prensa impresa (<em>n </em>= 2095) y cuatro digitales (<em>n</em> = 473), tres cadenas de televisión pública (<em>n</em> = 222) y tres de privada (<em>n</em> = 220), así como nueve programas de opinión (<em>n</em> = 502), tres debates televisados (<em>n</em> = 556) y redes sociodigitales (Twitter, 180 tuits), bajo una rejilla transversal de categorías basada en los conceptos de imparcialidad, base de información y deliberación mediada, que profundizan en dicha evaluación. Los resultados revelan que la equidad en el modelo se ha conseguido, pero los medios carecen de pluralidad temática y de voces, así como de deliberación mediada. Ello implica que los ciudadanos tienen insumos de información imparcial, pero poco sustanciosa, para configurar su decisión de voto.</p>

Markets, Regions and Journalistic Quality

“…First, in a truly national sample and both print and digital formats, we confirm that the Mexican press focuses broadly on candidates and campaigns, not being very plural in terms of actors and topics, and excluding actors and topics from civil society. Furthermore, it is biased in terms of visibility, although not treatment, with tenuous indicators of mediated deliberation, which provide citizens with only a few elements to deliberate (Echeverría et al, 2021). This confirms previous findings from other investigations (Aceves, 2010;Andrade, 2012;Echeverría, 2017;Espino, 2016;Salazar, 2018b), although the size of our sample evades the aforementioned composition error (Hanssen, 2020) which gives our observation greater validity.…”

“…The code book is based on previously developed works (Echeverría et al, 2021) that correspond to two normative bodies of performance evaluation, that of the liberal theory of journalism and that of mediated deliberation, as previously explained. From there, six performance criteria and eight variables were determined.…”

“…This article assesses the performance of the press in the coverage that media from different states of the country gave to the 2021 federal legislative elections in Mexico. Although such an exercise has been carried out to a limited extent in other works (González & Echeverría, 2017;Echeverría et al, 2021), we recognized two circumstances that had previously been ignored: first, that currently a good part of journalistic production and news consumption by Mexican audiences takes place on digital media (Gutiérrez-Renteria, 2022), which have been given very little attention by empirical research. Second, there is a variation in the performance of the media that depends on the context of where they are located, as the political and economic conditions of the place constrain their operation (Hallin & Mancini, 2004).…”