Descriptive models, grade-tonnage relations, and databases for the assessment of sediment-hosted copper deposits: with emphasis on deposits in the Central Africa Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia: Chapter J in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>

Abstract

Stratigraphic column of the Roan Group exposed in the Zambian part of the Central African Copperbelt showing the stratigraphic distribution of reduced-facies (argillite-hosted and mixed argillite-arenite) and sandstone (arenite-hosted

Geological and geochronological constraints on the genesis of the giant Tongkuangyu Cu deposit (Palaeoproterozoic), North China Craton

“…Xie (1963) proposed that the low-grade ores with bornite and pyrite in the arkosic quartzite was of sedimentary origin relating to red beds copper mineralization; whereas the rich ores in meta-tuff were metamorphosed sedimentary deposits mobilized and concentrated during granitization of the sedimentary wall rocks. This model stressed the role of sedimentation in the mineralization, similar to the theory of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits (SSC) (Kirkham 1989;Cox et al 2003;Cathles and Adams 2005;Hitzman et al 2005;Dill 2010;Taylor et al 2013). In fact, the Tongkuangyu deposit has several geological features that are typical of SSC mineralization, including the shape of orebody, ore minerals, and mineral (chemical) zoning.…”

Physiochemical Restrictions of Mineral Zoning of Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposit in SW China

“…It is clear from Figure 9 and Table 5 that stable log O 2 -log S 2 range of the 22 kinds of minerals and their assemblage The area of polygon under the (3), (13), (20), (8), (11), and (12) balance lines…”

“…Brown [21] proposed the metallogenic model of SSC deposits and believed that copper deposits of this kind occurred in the contact between red and grey clastic horizons of redox interface and had a typical sulfide zoning: chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. In fact, mineral zonation both laterally and vertically from pyrite to chalcopyrite to bornite to chalcocite to hematite is characteristic of SSC copper deposits [11,22]. This pattern from pyrite to copper-rich minerals (chalcocite) has been described for many deposits [1,6,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…It is frequently labeled as "stratiform" or "stratabound" and/or "diagenetic," which ranks the second largest source of copper after porphyry copper-type, approximately accounting for about 20-25% of the global copper reserves [6]. SSC deposits are mainly distributed in the central Africa copper belt; central Europe copper belt; Kodaro-Udokan copper belt, Russia; Dzhekagan copper belt Kazakhstan; Dongchuang copper district, China; BeltPurcell copper belt, USA; Redstone copper belt, Canada; and Chuxiong basin-hosted copper deposits, China [11], as represented by the Zambia and Zaire copper deposits in central Africa [16], Udokan and Jezkazgan copper deposits in the former Soviet Union [17], Kupferschiefer copper deposits in Zechstein basin [18], and so on.…”

“…Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposit (SSC), concerned by many researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], occurs in many places around the world [7,[12][13][14][15]. It is frequently labeled as "stratiform" or "stratabound" and/or "diagenetic," which ranks the second largest source of copper after porphyry copper-type, approximately accounting for about 20-25% of the global copper reserves [6].…”