Descriptive epidemiology of measles cases in Bauchi State, 2013–2018

Ori, P.; Adebowale, Ayo Stephen; Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David; Osigwe, Ugochukwu; Balogun, Muhammad Shakir

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11063-6

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A significant proportion of confirmed cases among vaccinated people could be ascribed to cold chain or vaccination administration difficulties. Similarly, measles outbreaks have been reported in places where a substantial proportion of the population has received a single dose of the vaccine [33,47,49,51]. Kolokuma-Opokuma reported only one confirmed case of measles, while having the lowest vaccination coverage (31%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Despite significant progress over the previous decade, measles remains a top cause of death among young children in low-income countries [45,46]. Supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs), which are periodic national or regional campaigns aiming at administering vaccine to everyone in a particular age range, are the principal measles control efforts in addition to normal vaccination [47][48][49]. Thus, from January to December 2022, this study examines the epidemiology of measles in Bayelsa State, south-south Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2009 WHO guidelines for outbreak response in mortality reduction settings and the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan for 2012-2014 extended the classic "static" control strategies (routine immunization and SIAs occurring at intervals determined by the level of routine coverage) to include the possibility of reactive responses [11,12]. Outbreak response vaccination (ORV) was recommended for outbreaks occurring in measles mortality reduction areas [2,4,60], based on evidence that epidemics build sufficiently slowly that large numbers of cases can be averted given a sufficiently prompt reaction [7,23,25,49]. ORV has also been recommended in elimination settings, where a single case should lead to appropriate outbreak investigation and response, including vaccination of susceptible people in as wide an area as possible [1,50,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological description of measles outbreaks following a mass vaccination Campaign in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abaya,

Ogoina,

Abaye

et al. 2023

AfricArXiv

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Background:The measles virus causes an infectious disease. The introduction of mass vaccination efforts in the 1960s resulted in a considerable reduction in global measles mortality. Thus, the goal of this study is to characterise the epidemiology of measles infection in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, two (2) to twelve (12) months after the state's measles vaccine campaign. Method:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, using secondary data analysis of case-based surveillance data from the State's ministry of health IDSR001C from January to December 2022. Suspected and confirmed cases of measles were defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard case definition, vaccination campaign report for the measles campaign conducted in November, 2021 was also analyzed.Findings: A total of 450 suspected measles cases were reported from January to December, 2022, out of which 151 were laboratory confirmed (IgM+), giving a case positivity rate (PR) of 34%, also 1 death in confirm case with case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.7%. Male Positive cases were 51%, and 45.7% of the positive cases were under-fives. The frequency of distribution of the 151 confirmed cases according to LGAs was; Yenagoa-56 (37.1%); Southern Ijaw-32 (21.20%); Ekeremor-24 (15.9%); Ogbia-19 (12.6%); Sagbama-8 (5.2%); Brass-10 (6.6%); and Kolokuma-Opokuma-2 (1.3%). Vaccine coverage in the November 2021 measles campaign in Bayelsa state was 86%. Conclusion:Despite immunisation programmes with an 86% vaccination coverage, Bayelsa state in Nigeria recorded 14 measles outbreaks in six local government areas (LGAs) from January to December 2022. Routine immunisation, augmented by planned campaigns every 2-5 years, remains the foundation of modern measles control and elimination efforts. Even when management methods appear to be working, big, unexpected outbreaks continue to occur. Supplementing these operations with mass vaccination campaigns initiated when low levels of measles immunity are detected in a population sample (i.e., serosurveys) or incident measles cases arise may give a strategy to restrict the magnitude of outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological description of measles outbreaks following a mass vaccination Campaign in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abaya,

Ogoina,

Abaye

et al. 2023

AfricArXiv

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“…However, we note that the spike in case counts observed in Borno state in 2019 (Figure 5) is likely due to the disruption to vaccination services caused by insurgency. Also, higher confirmed case counts recorded in urban districts (e.g., Maiduguri and Katsina districts – see supplementary Figure 8) may have been due to rural-urban migration, including those fleeing to the urban areas due to high spate of insurgency within the mostly remote rural areas, as well as other contributory factors such as better surveillance and slum areas [44]. Lastly, the stark differences in estimated MCV RI coverage from the 2018 DHS and the pre-campaign data recorded in the 2019 PCCS calls for improvements in data quality, particularly improved retention of up-to-date HBRs from which more accurate data can be obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the distribution of zero-dose children to assess the performance of vaccine delivery strategies and their relationships with measles incidence in Nigeria

Utazi

Aheto

Wigley

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Geographically precise identification and targeting of populations at risk of vaccine-preventable diseases has gained renewed attention within the global health community over the last few years. District level estimates of vaccination coverage and corresponding zero-dose prevalence constitute a potentially useful evidence base to evaluate the performance of vaccination strategies. These estimates are also valuable for identifying missed communities, hence enabling targeted interventions and better resource allocation. Here, we fit Bayesian geostatistical models to map the routine coverage of the first doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP1) and measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) and corresponding zero-dose estimates at 1x1 km resolution and the district level using geospatial data sets. We also map MCV1 coverage before and after the 2019 measles vaccination campaign in the northern states to further explore variations in routine vaccine coverage and to evaluate the effectiveness of both routine immunization (RI) and campaigns in reaching zero-dose children. Additionally, we map the spatial distributions of reported measles cases during 2018 to 2020 and explore their relationships with MCV zero-dose prevalence to highlight the public health implications of varying performance of vaccination strategies across the country. Our analysis revealed strong similarities between the spatial distributions of DTP and MCV zero dose prevalence, with districts with the highest prevalence concentrated mostly in the northwest and the northeast, but also in other areas such as Lagos state and the Federal Capital Territory. Although the 2019 campaign reduced MCV zero-dose prevalence substantially in the north, pockets of vulnerabilities remained in areas that had among the highest prevalence prior to the campaign. Importantly, we found strong correlations between measles case counts and MCV RI zero-dose estimates, which provides a strong indication that measles incidence in the country is mostly affected by RI coverage. Our analyses reveal an urgent and highly significant need to strengthen the country's RI program as a longer-term measure for disease control, whilst ensuring effective campaigns in the short term.

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