Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Shakuntala, T S; Krishnan, Sathish Kumar; Das, Priyanka; Sudarshan, Kondalli Lakshminarayana; Kotian, Chitra M; Stephen, Shine; Vishwakarma, Monesh Baburao; Sureshkumar, N; Mathur, Prashant

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.2.409

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Higher prevalence of obesity, inadequate physical activity, salt and red meat consumption, diabetes, and low consumption of fibre among urban residents could partly decipher the higher incidence rates in the urban population [ 49 ]. Our findings are in line with studies from India that have reported a rising trend in registries established in metropolitan regions (predominantly urban population) such as Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, and Banglore [ 50 ], and studies from China [ 14 , 51 ]. In contrast, studies from the US show a rural preponderance for colon cancer, which has been attributed to higher red meat consumption, obesity, a lack of physical activity, and lower cancer screening adherence in their rural populations [ 34 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry

Khanna,

Sharma,

Budukh

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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Background Cancer incidence and mortality vary across the globe, with nearly two-thirds of cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The rural-urban disparity in socio-demographic, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors, as well as in access to cancer care, is one of the contributing factors. Population-based cancer registries serve as a measure for understanding the burden of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care of patients registered by an Indian population-based cancer registry. Methods This study collected data from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2017 and 2019. Sex and site-specific age-standardised rates for incidence and mortality per 100,000 population were calculated. Rural-urban disparities in cancer incidence and mortality were estimated through rate differences and standardised rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). Univariable and multivariable regressions were applied to determine any significant differences in socio-demographic and cancer-related variables according to place of residence (rural/urban). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results 6721 cancer patients were registered during the study duration. Urban patients were older and had better literacy and socioeconomic levels, while rural patients had higher odds of having unskilled or semi-skilled professions. Diagnostic and clinical confirmation for cancer was significantly higher in urban patients, while verbal autopsy-based confirmation was higher in rural patients. Rural patients were more likely to receive palliative or alternative systems of medicine, and urban patients had higher chances of treatment completion. Significantly higher incidence and mortality were observed for oral cancer among urban men and for cervical cancer among rural women. Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in urban women, significantly higher mortality was observed in rural women. Conclusions Low- and middle-income countries are facing dual challenges for cancer control and prevention. Their urban populations experience unhealthy lifestyles, while their rural populations lack healthcare accessibility. The distinctness in cancer burden and pattern calls for a re-evaluation of cancer control strategies that are tailor-made with an understanding of urban-rural disparities. Context-specific interventional programmes targeting risk-factor modifications, cancer awareness, early detection, and accessibility to diagnosis and care are essential.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry

Khanna,

Sharma,

Budukh

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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“…Additionally, all gallbladder specimens should be examined histopathologically after cholecystectomy performed for benign gallbladder disease. The most common morphology has been reported as adenocarcinoma in biliary tract and pancreatic malignancies [ 16 , 23 ] similar to the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancers From a Specialized Center in India

Sahai¹,

Yadav²,

Rastogi³

2023

Cureus

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IntroductionHepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers are a distinct group requiring specialized multidisciplinary care. The present study was an analysis of HPB cancers. MethodsThe institutional data for two years from 2017 to 2018 was retrieved from the hospital-based cancer registry (HBCR) database in Excel format (Microsoft ® Corp., Redmond, WA). The demographic details, method of diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and disease extent of the patients with HPB primary sites were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOut of the 1417 patients with HPB malignancies, 1193 were analyzed. Most of the patients at our center hailed from North India. The distribution of HPB cancers was as follows: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=717, 60.1%), gallbladder (GB) (n=230, 19.3%), periampullary carcinoma (n=76, 6.37%), head of the pancreas (HOP) (n=55, 4.61%), extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) (n=53, 4.44%), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD) (n=32, 2.68%), and body of the pancreas (BOP) (n=30, 2.52%). The most common disease presentation of HPB cancers was in the seventh and sixth decades of life. Male predominance was seen in all HPB cancers except in GB with a higher incidence in females. The predominant cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) with HCC was viral-related (53.7%) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (34.3%) higher than hepatitis C virus (HCV) (19.2%) followed by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (24.8%) and then alcohol. Adenocarcinoma was the most common morphology in pancreatobiliary malignancies. The disease presentation was locoregional in 63.4% of HCC, 69.7% of periampullary carcinoma, and 50.9% of HOP cases. The patients with EBD and IBD cancers presented commonly with locoregional disease extent in 60.4% and 62.5%, respectively. Perihilar subsite was more commonly detected (71.7%) as compared to the distal one in the patients with EBD cancers. The patients with GB cancers (GBC) presented with distant metastases in 53.5% and locoregional disease in 33%. Distant metastases were present in 76.7% of the patients with BOP cancers. The liver was a common site of distant metastases in GB, periampullary, and pancreatic cancers. ConclusionsThe present study highlights the characteristics and the variations in disease presentation in different primary tumor sites of HPB cancers. In view of the common locoregionally advanced disease presentation of HCC, the patients with CLD need surveillance for the early detection of lesions. As the patients with HPB cancers show advanced disease presentation, effective locoregional and systemic therapies are needed.

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“…Shakuntala et al in their study describing the GI cancers in India also concluded that the most common site for GI cancer in India is oesophagus followed by stomach and rectum. 7 A study based on hospital based cancer registry in Kashmir valley by Qurieshi et al reported stomach cancer to be most common followed by colorectal and then cancer oesophagus. 20 The difference may be on account of different study profile as our participants included only subjects coming for follow up and not only incident cases as was the case with the other study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 These figures have not included cancers of oral cavity/lips which are one of the most common causes in India, particularly in males. [5][6][7] This data suggests that GI cancers are more likely to cause deaths as these contribute to almost 1/4 th of all cancer deaths in the country. 8 The most common GI cancers are CRC, stomach cancer, EC, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, and PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile and treatment outcome in gastrointestinal cancer patients: a single-center experience in Kashmir valley, India

Naqash¹,

Nayak²,

Wani³

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the common cancers and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the treatment outcome of GI cancer patients undergoing follow-up in the oncology OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Cases previously treated for any GI cancer at one center and coming for follow-up to the hospital were enrolled. Treatment outcome was ascertained in these patients and its relationship with clinical and demographic characteristics of patients at diagnosis were analysed. Results: A total of 68 cases of GI cancers were enrolled with a mean age of 57.44±8.3 years and of 39 (57.35%) were males. The most common site for cancers was oesophagus, stomach, Colo-rectal with 22,20 and 17 cases respectively. Stage II was the most common stage at presentation in 50% cases followed by Stage III in 32.35% of cases. There was significant association between stage at diagnosis with stage I disease at diagnosis significantly related to complete cure. Site of cancer, age and smoking history had no significant correlation with treatment outcome. Conclusions: Diagnosis of GI cancers at early stage was associated with complete cure at follow up. This finding demonstrates the importance of early screening for GI cancers and the need to have robust screening guidelines and improving access to screening with highly valid tests particularly for individuals with high risk features.

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from National Cancer Registry Programme, India

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry

Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry

The Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancers From a Specialized Center in India

Clinical profile and treatment outcome in gastrointestinal cancer patients: a single-center experience in Kashmir valley, India

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