Descriptive Epidemiologic Survey of Head Injury in the Army: 1983 Hospitalized Cases

McCarroll, James E.; Zych, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1159/000110165

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Further, this sample has a higher number of reported previous head injuries than that of previous military studies (McCarroll & Gunderson, 1990;McCarroll & Zych, 1989;Ommaya, Dannenberg, & Salazar, 1996). This higher number is most likely secondary to the source of data collection (subjective report versus medical records or hospitalizations) and due to differing definitions of head injury.…”

Section: Figure 3amentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of Demographics on Computerized Cognitive Testing in a Military Sample

Roebuck-Spencer

Reeves

Bleiberg

et al. 2008

Military Psychology

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Computerized cognitive testing with software programs such as the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) have long been used to assess cognition in military samples. This study describes demographic influences on computerized testing performance in a large active duty military sample (n = 2366). Performance differences between men and women were minimal on most ANAM subtests, but there was a clear speed/accuracy trade-off, with men favoring speed and women favoring accuracy on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) subtest. As expected, reaction time increased with age on most subtests, with the exception of Mathematical Processing Test (MTH). Higher education resulted in significant but minimal performance increases on Code Substitution (CDS), Matching to Sample (MSP), and Memory Search (STN) subtests. In contrast, substantial performance differences were seen between education groups on the MTH subtest. These data reveal that it is important to consider demographic factors, particularly age, when using ANAM to draw conclusions about military samples. These results also point to the importance of exploring demographic influences for all reaction time-based computerized assessment batteries.

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Section: Figure 3amentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of Demographics on Computerized Cognitive Testing in a Military Sample

Roebuck-Spencer

Reeves

Bleiberg

et al. 2008

Military Psychology

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“…The source population for the studies varies from the entire US population (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) down to the state (20,21), county (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and city level (28). Three studies focus on military personal (29)(30)(31) and 1 of these includes their dependents (31). The inclusion/exclusion criteria vary considerably across the studies.…”

Section: Incidence and Risk Factors In Adults With Mtbi From North Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study includes those treated in hospitals, emergency rooms, as outpatients and during home visits (22). Two studies focus on those treated in military medical facilities, without further specification (29,30). One Canadian study focuses on those injured in traffic mishaps (13), and 2 studies include anyone reporting MTBI during a household survey (15,18).…”

Section: Incidence and Risk Factors In Adults With Mtbi From North Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: results of the who collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury

Cassidy

Carroll²,

Peloso³

et al. 2004

Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

1,292

855

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We undertook a best-evidence synthesis on the incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury. Methods: Medline, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Embase were searched for relevant articles. After screening 38,806 abstracts, we critically reviewed 169 studies on incidence, risk and prevention, and accepted 121 (72%). Results: The accepted articles show that 70-90% of all treated brain injuries are mild, and the incidence of hospitaltreated patients with mild traumatic brain injury is about 100-300/100,000 population. However, much mild traumatic brain injury is not treated at hospitals, and the true population-based rate is probably above 600/100,000. Mild traumatic brain injury is more common in males and in teenagers and young adults. Falls and motor-vehicle collisions are common causes. Conclusion: Strong evidence supports helmet use to prevent mild traumatic brain injury in motorcyclists and bicyclists. The mild traumatic brain injury literature is of varying quality, and the studies are very heterogeneous. Nevertheless, there is evidence that mild traumatic brain injury is an important public health problem, but we need more highquality research into this area.

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“…There were two published incidence studies of hospitalized TBI in the US Army from the 1980s [8,9] , one of which showed that hospitalization rates for concussions decreased for men and women in the Army from 1983 to 1987 [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Admissions Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in the US Army during Peacetime: 1990s Trends

Ivins¹,

Schwab²,

Baker³

et al. 2006

Neuroepidemiology

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Introduction: This paper examines 10-year trends in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hospitalization rates for active duty US Army personnel in the 1990s. It does this within the context of various factors, including enhanced injury prevention policies and changed hospital admission practices, that may have affected TBI hospitalization rates. It also compares TBI hospitalization rates in the Army to those from an age-comparable segment of the US civilian population over this time period. Methods: Crude (unadjusted) incidence rates for all active duty US Army personnel hospitalized with a TBI diagnosis from fiscal years (FY) 1990 to 1999 were calculated. Once the trends were identified, the percentage change in the overall rate, as well as the rates for different TBI severity levels, and in-hospital deaths from FY1990 and FY1999 were analyzed. Changes in age- and gender-specific rates as well as crude rates for cases with and without other injuries and cases treated in military and civilian hospitals were also analyzed. Rate ratios were used to compare aggregated 5-year TBI hospitalization rates in the Army to rates for civilians 17–49 years of age during the following time periods: 1990–1994 and 1995–1999. The rates used in the comparison were adjusted to control for differences in age and gender. Results: The overall incidence of TBI-related hospitalization in the Army decreased 75% from FY1990 to FY1999. The rates for all TBI severity levels decreased, but the rate for mild TBI decreased more than the rates for moderate and severe TBI. The rate of in-hospital deaths from TBI also decreased. Rates decreased similarly for males and females, across all age groups, as well as for cases with and without other injuries. TBI rates decreased for Army personnel treated in military hospitals but changed minimally for Army personnel treated in civilian hospitals. The Army’s TBI hospitalization rates were generally higher than civilian rates in the early 1990s but by the late 1990s, most of the Army’s rates were lower than or equal to the civilian rates. Conclusions: The incidence of TBI-related hospitalization in the active duty US Army decreased markedly (75%) during the 1990s. As a result, most of the Army’s TBI hospitalization rates were lower than civilian rates by the late 1990s. Effective injury prevention and changes in the Army population were two of the factors that likely contributed to the decrease in rates for all TBI severity levels, while changes in hospital admission practices likely contributed to the disproportionate decrease in the Army’s rates for mild TBI.

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Descriptive Epidemiologic Survey of Head Injury in the Army: 1983 Hospitalized Cases

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Demographics on Computerized Cognitive Testing in a Military Sample

Influence of Demographics on Computerized Cognitive Testing in a Military Sample

Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: results of the who collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury

Hospital Admissions Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in the US Army during Peacetime: 1990s Trends

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