Descriptive and visual summaries of disaster events using artificial intelligence techniques: case studies of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria

Alam, Firoj; Ofli, Ferda; Imran, Muhammad

doi:10.1080/0144929x.2019.1610908

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Especially, the processing time can be very long, because of the volume of data and the need of human input for labels (Troudi et al 2018) and some authors argue that natural language processing needs to be improved (Aupetit and Imran 2017;Luchetti et al 2017). Also, the automatic classifications could be more detailed and more robust, which implies the need for more detailed test labels (Alam et al 2020;X. Li et al 2019).…”

Section: Use Information Filtering Carefullymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Data in an Augmented Reality System for Situation Awareness Support in Emergency Control Rooms

et al. 2021

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During crisis situations, emergency operators require fast information access to achieve situation awareness and make the best possible decisions. Augmented reality could be used to visualize the wealth of user-generated content available on social media and enable context-adaptive functions for emergency operators. Although emergency operators agree that social media analytics will be important for their future work, it poses a challenge to filter and visualize large amounts of social media data. We conducted a goal-directed task analysis to identify the situation awareness requirements of emergency operators. By collecting tweets during two storms in Germany we evaluated the usefulness of Twitter data for achieving situation awareness and conducted interviews with emergency operators to derive filter strategies for social media data. We synthesized the results by discussing how the unique interface of augmented reality can be used to integrate social media data into emergency control rooms for situation awareness support.

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Section: Use Information Filtering Carefullymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Data in an Augmented Reality System for Situation Awareness Support in Emergency Control Rooms

et al. 2021

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“…Additional studies showcase specific topics where social media data can provide added situational awareness in disaster response [47,48]. For example, social media data could help to supplement rainstorm and floods precipitation data [49], peatland fires and haze events [50], and official inundation maps [51].…”

Section: Potential Use Of Social Media For Disaster Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social media streams can be used to track the temporal progress of a disaster [49] or disaster damage assessments [48]. • Emergency managers can deal with the issues of information overload and quality of social media data with the help of tools designed for gathering and filtering social media data [31] or supervised machine learning techniques [44,47]. • Social media can provide emergency managers with information on resource needs and resource availability and in turn match those needs with the available resources [38], including rescue personnel and volunteers [52].…”

Section: Potential Usementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

Young¹,

Kuligowski²,

Pradhan³

2020

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Under the National Construction Safety Team Act, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigated the May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri. The investigation was an effort to characterize (1) the wind environment and technical conditions associated with fatalities and injuries, (2) the performance of emergency communications systems and the public response to such communications, and (3) the performance of residential, commercial, and critical buildings, designated safe areas in buildings as well as lifelines. The final report of the investigation concluded with a list of sixteen recommendations, including but not limited to recommendations for action on emergency communications. Specifically, NIST recommended "the development of national codes and standards and uniform guidance for clear, consistent, recognizable, and accurate emergency communications, encompassing alerts and warnings, to enable safe, effective, and timely responses" [1, p.367]. This Technical Note is the third installment in the NIST effort to develop evidence-based guidance on the creation and provision of public alerts. The first publication in this series, "Outdoor Siren Systems: A review of technology, usage, and public response during emergencies," provided both an outline on the current status of outdoor siren systems in the U.S., as well as a literature review of how people respond to these systems [2]. The second Technical Note, "A review of public response to short message alerts under imminent threats," focused on short message alerts, underscoring best practices as well as strategies geared towards improving message design and delivery, based on the methods by which people receive and process these types of alerts [3]. In this publication, first we present an overview of current popular social media platforms and the capabilities that they feature, as well as their potential applications for emergency management. That is followed by an outline of social media use for disaster response and recovery research findings, organized by themes. The response themes relate to: 1) the use of these tools for formal emergency management, 2) innovative social media applications for disaster response, and 3) how the general public uses these platforms. The recovery themes involve: 1) social media during recovery for mental health, 2) recovery assessment, and 3) relationship development post-event. The research findings are followed by the limitations and practical considerations for emergency managers, as well as future research suggestions.

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“…One focus has been the analysis of large amounts of data (Big Data) generated by social media [10]. Innovative research is investigating the use of artificial intelligence and methods for the machine processing during crisis [26].…”

Section: Social Media and Disaster Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study on Privacy-Aware Social Media Data Processing in Disaster Management

Löchner

Fathi

Schmid

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Social media data is heavily used to analyze and evaluate situations in times of disasters, and derive decisions for action from it. In these critical situations, it is not surprising that privacy is often considered a secondary problem. In order to prevent subsequent abuse, theft or public exposure of collected datasets, however, protecting the privacy of social media users is crucial. Avoiding unnecessary data retention is an important question that is currently largely unsolved. There are a number of technical approaches available, but their deployment in disaster management is either impractical or requires special adaption, limiting its utility. In this case study, we explore the deployment of a cardinality estimation algorithm called HyperLogLog into disaster management processes. It is particularly suited for this field, because it allows to stream data in a format that cannot be used for purposes other than the originally intended. We develop and conduct a focus group discussion with teams of social media analysts. We identify challenges and opportunities of working with such a privacy-enhanced social media data format and compare the process with conventional techniques. Our findings show that, with the exception of training scenarios, deploying HyperLogLog in the data acquisition process will not distract the data analysis process. Instead, several benefits, such as improved working with huge datasets, may contribute to a more widespread use and adoption of the presented technique, which provides a basis for a better integration of privacy considerations in disaster management.

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Descriptive and visual summaries of disaster events using artificial intelligence techniques: case studies of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria

Cited by 80 publications

References 56 publications

Social Media Data in an Augmented Reality System for Situation Awareness Support in Emergency Control Rooms

Social Media Data in an Augmented Reality System for Situation Awareness Support in Emergency Control Rooms

A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

Case Study on Privacy-Aware Social Media Data Processing in Disaster Management

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