Descriptive Analysis and Meta Analysis of Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Prompting Procedure

Abstract

Researchers have investigated the simultaneous prompting (SP) procedure across three decades; however, no meta-analysis has been conducted. In the present systematic review, we conducted both a descriptive and meta-analysis of SP studies from a seminal publication of an SP study through 2017. Our search resulted in 20 studies published in English in internationally disseminated peer-reviewed journals that used single-case methodology and also met criteria for methodological rigor. To analyze effect sizes, we used percentage of non-overlapping points and Tau- U, with both revealing highly consistent results. We concluded that there is a substantial body of evidence to support the SP procedure to teach a variety of skills to individuals with disabilities when consistent parameters of the procedure are employed; however, future research is needed to specifically validate the procedure as effective in regard to specific types of disability (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) and specific types of tasks.

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bir Çocuğa Temel Matematik Becerilerinin Öğretiminde Baba Eğitim Programının Etkililiği

“…In this study, it was investigated the reliability regarding the father's ability to teach with simultaneous prompting and the effect of the father's simultaneous prompting teaching at home on learning early mathematical skills of his child. There are numerous research findings in the literature that prove simultaneous prompting teaching to be effective and scientific with regards to the teaching of chaining and single-step skills (Tekin-İftar, Olcay-Gül, & Collins, 2019). In the findings of this research, similar to the studies in the literature, it was seen that the progress of the child's performance was recorded in all three early mathematical skills as a result of the teaching implemented by the father.…”

“…Yoklama oturumlarında ise uyaran kontrolünün sağlanıp sağlanmadığı, belirlenen yanıt aralığı süresince öğrencinin vereceği tepkiler doğrultusunda test edilir (Tekin-İftar & Kırcaali-İftar, 2012). Zincirleme ve tek basamaklı becerilerin öğretiminde eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretimin etkililiğine ilişkin çok sayıda araştırma bulgusu vardır (Tekin-İftar, Olcay-Gül & Collins, 2019). Bu kapsamda araştırmada sıralanan sorulara cevaplar aranmıştır: (a) Hazırlanan baba eğitimi programı babanın eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretimi doğru bir şekilde uygulamasını sağladı mı?…”

Sosyal Öykü Bilimsel-Dayanaklı Bir Uygulama mıdır? Bir Meta-Analiz ve Kapsamlı Betimsel Analiz Çalışması

“…For this purpose, we converted the data in each tier into digitized data using the UnGraph5 software which is effective for digitalizing graphical data. One of us exported the digitized data in each tier into a Microsoft Excel file for further analysis (Tekin-İftar et al, 2018).…”

“…As to effect size calculation techniques in the analysis of SS are examined, it is seen that the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) technique was used in all studies. There is no consensus on the most appropriate non-parametric technique for analyzing single-subject research designs in the relevant literature (Parker et al, 2011;Rakap, 2015;Tekin-İftar et al, 2018), but PND is often preferred because it is a more highly consistent technique than other techniques and is easy to calculate. Meta-analysis studies using different non-parametric techniques are needed to calculate the effect sizes of SSs interventions in the literature.…”

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Matematik Becerilerini Öğretimi: Tek-Denekli Araştırmalarda Betimsel ve Meta Analiz

“…Akmanoğlu ve Batu (2004) tarafından yürütülen çalışmada eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretim uygulaması "kuşkulu" değerlendirilmiştir. Oysa Tekin-İftar, Olcay-Gül ve Collins (2019) tarafından yürütülen betimsel ve meta-analiz çalışmasında eşzamanlı ipucuyla öğretim uygulaması birçok beceri öğretiminde (ör. işlevsel beceriler, akademik beceriler) bilimsel-dayanaklı bir uygulama olarak değerlendirilmiştir.…”