Description of two new species of Hisonotus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Ostariophysi, Loricariidae) from the rio Paraná-Paraguay basin, Brazil

Abstract

Two new species of Hisonotus are described from the rio Paraná-Paraguay basin in Brazil. The most remarkable features of the new species are the odontodes forming longitudinally aligned rows (one odontode after the other, but not necessarily forming parallel series) on the head and trunk (vs. odontodes not forming longitudinally aligned rows), a pair of rostral plates at the tip of the snout (vs. a single rostral plate), the functional v-shaped spinelet (vs. spinelet non-functional, square-shaped, or absent). These features suggest close phylogenetic relationships with Hisonotus bockmanni, H. insperatus, H. luteofrenatus and H. piracanjuba. Additionally, both new species are distinguished from their congeners by characters related to head length and depth, orbital diameter, suborbital depth, caudal peduncle depth, pectoral-fin spine length, snout length and counts of teeth. Hisonotus paresi sp. n. further differs from its congeners by having contrasting dark geometric spots on the anterodorsal region of the body, a character lacking in H. oliveirai sp. n. The variation in number and shape of the rostral plate, posterior rostrum plates, infraorbitals and the preopercle in both new species and in H. insperatus are discussed.

Inventory of the fish fauna from Ivaí River basin, Paraná State, Brazil

“…The origin of each species was determined according to by Langeani et al (2007), in which autochthonous species are native to the upper Paraná River basin, the allochthonous species were introduced from other basins belonging to the Neotropical region and the exotic were introduced from other continents. The origin of each species were obtained from Reis et al (2003), Langeani et al (2007), Graça & Pavanelli (2008), Roxo et al (2014), Tencatt et al (2014), Zawadzki et al (2016) and personal communications from Cláudio H. Zawadzki (UEM); other species were considered endemic by means of analysis and comparison of data obtained with comparative material from adjacent basins.…”

“…Identification follows , Graça & Pavanelli (2008), Tencatt et al (2014) and Roxo et al (2014). Some individuals of Trichomycterus identified as Trichomycterus sp., Trichomycterus sp.…”

“…There are only few surveys on fish fauna in the Ivaí River basin, especially for the tributaries, Barra Bonita River (Maier et al 2008), Bonito River (Viana et al 2013), some streams located in the Perobas Biological Reserve (Delariva & Silva 2013) and a first-order stream in the municipality of Marialva (Araújo et al 2011); and there are few genetic studies with some species of Loricariidae (Zawadzki et al 2004, Portela-Castro et al 2007, Paiva et al 2013 or ecological studies (Luiz et al 2003, Luiz et al 2005) and description of new species (Graça & Pavanelli 2008, Roxo et al 2014, Tencatt et al 2014, Zawadzki et al 2016) with fish of this basin.…”

Identification key and pictures of the Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the rio Ivaí, upper rio Paraná basin

“…The rio Ivaí basin recently has become the subject of scientific studies related to fish populations, due to increasing efforts in the sampling of its ichthyofauna (Luiz et al 2003, Zawadzki et al 2004, Luiz et al 2005, Portela-Castro et al 2007, Graça and Pavanelli 2008, Maier et al 2008, Araújo et al 2011, Delariva and Silva 2013, Paiva et al 2013, Viana et al 2013, Roxo et al 2014, Tencatt et al 2014, Frota et al 2016, Zawadzki et al 2016a. The recognition of areas of endemism is essential for species preservation (Löwenberg-Neto and Carvalho 2004).…”

Hisonotus acuen, a new and phenotypically variable cascudinho (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil

“…In the past decade, 18 species of Hisonotus have been described (Britski and Garavello 2007; Carvalho et al 2008; Carvalho and Reis 2009; Carvalho and Reis 2011; Martins and Langeani 2012; Carvalho and Datovo 2012; Roxo et al 2013; Roxo et al 2014). Recently, during a collecting trip in tributaries of the rio Xingu basin, we found fish specimens that have the generally accepted characteristics of Hisonotus listed above but do not match any known species.…”