Description of the shape coexistence in neutron-deficient 74,76Kr with IBM2

Shape coexistence close to $N=50$ in the neutron-rich isotope $^{80}$Ge investigated by IBM-2

“…However, their calculated energy levels of the states E(0 + 2 ) and E(2 + 2 ) are a little higher than the experimental data especially for 80 Ge, the reason is that the proton-neutron pairing effects could not be neglected in this case. On the other hand, the IBM-2 without introducing the configuration mixing has been used to investigate shape coexistence in some nuclei in the A ∼ 100 mass region [36,37], and in the neutron-deficient isotopes 74,76 Kr [38]. The numerical calculations are in good agreement with the recent experimental values for the low-lying energy spectrum, and the key sensitive quantities such as the quadrupole shape invariants and the B(E2) transition strength branch ratios.…”

Microstructured Magnetoelastic Membrane for Magnetic Bioactuators and Soft Artificial Muscles Applications

“…a) Pictures of the membrane deformations, bonded to the bottom section of hollow PMMA pipes, loaded with blue‐stained water of volume V from 0 to 10 mL. Membrane deflections at center w 0 [mm]: experimental (black color), calculated based on “Small‐Nix” model (red color), [ 35 ] versus V (ml) and water pressure P (Pa) ( P = ρ · V · g /π R m 2 , where g = 9.81 m s −2 , volume density ρ = 1000 kg m −3 , and membrane radius R m ). b) Elastic modulus E (= Young's modulus) of S184‐S527 PDMS mixtures versus S184‐percentage x (%), reproduced from Palchesko et al, [ 31 ] with permission of PLoS One, copyright 2012, completed with color marks indicating our three compositions (i), (ii), and (iii), showing E (kPa): (i) 460, (ii) 830, and (iii) 1720 kPa, respectively.…”

“…c) The membranes (ii) and (iii), loaded with V = 10 mL ( P = 630 Pa); left: “Small‐Nix” model half profiles, fitted to photographs; right: (ii) comparison of half‐profile curves from “Small‐Nix” (non‐zero slope at the edge) and “Zhang” (clamped condition of zero slope) models, from Zhang. [ 35 ] d) Curves of experimental (“ E ”): dashed lines with circles and modeled (solid lines) deflections w 0 versus loading pressure P (Pa) for the three PDMS membranes (i), (ii), (iii), and Au/PDMS membranes previously studied. [ 30 ] The curve's colors refer to the membrane's composition, Young's modulus E , diameter, thickness, and model used, as follows: i) violet: PDMS, 460 kPa, Ø14 mm, 5 μm, Small‐Nix.…”

“…They both use a simplified form of the nonlinear von Karman equations of high‐order derivatives, as developed by Zhang. [ 35 ] Considering the two classical bending and stretching behaviors of a membrane submitted to a loading pressure (see Boudaoud et al), [ 43 ] a transition occurs from a bending‐dominant to a stretching‐dominant mode in particular when the load increases. [ 35 ] This results from the intrinsic modifications of the polymer fibers structure, displacement, or elongation, in response to the applied forces and the increasing deformations.…”

“…[ 35 ] Considering the two classical bending and stretching behaviors of a membrane submitted to a loading pressure (see Boudaoud et al), [ 43 ] a transition occurs from a bending‐dominant to a stretching‐dominant mode in particular when the load increases. [ 35 ] This results from the intrinsic modifications of the polymer fibers structure, displacement, or elongation, in response to the applied forces and the increasing deformations. [ 44 ] Although both modes coexist in a coupled way such as in vesicle membrane [ 45 ] or in MEM with incorporated magnetic nanoparticles, [ 46 ] various approximate expressions aim at describing the predominant mode based on the main governing (bending or stretching) energy.…”