Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments

Roberts, Malcolm; Baker, Alexander J.; Blockley, Ed; Calvert, Daley; Coward, Andrew C.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Jackson, Laura; Kuhlbrodt, Till; Mathiot, Pierre; Roberts, Christopher D.; Schiemann, R.; Seddon, Jon; Vannière, Benoît; Vidale, Pier Luigi

doi:10.5194/gmd-12-4999-2019

Cited by 162 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(133 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

176

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The longest eddy‐permitting coupled simulations cover up to about 500 years (Menary et al, ). At eddy‐rich resolutions the maximum integration length is currently of order 100 years (Griffies et al, ; Roberts et al, ; Small et al, ). Variability estimates on longer timescales rely on either observations (paleo tracers) or coarse‐resolution models (e.g., Latif et al, ).…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These simulations also use a higher number of vertical levels/layers. Whereas early high‐resolution ocean models were all run in ocean‐only mode, significant efforts have been and are being dedicated to coupling eddy‐permitting and increasingly eddy‐rich ocean components to an atmosphere model (e.g., Delworth et al, 2012; Griffies et al, ; Haarsma et al, ; Hewitt et al, ; Ito et al, ; Roberts et al, ; Winton et al, ). This coupling allows the community not only to address questions around the ocean circulation and its variability but also to refine our understanding of how, where, and on what timescales the ocean interacts with the atmospheric circulation and vice versa.…”

Section: Amoc In High‐resolution Models: Where Do We Stand?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High‐Resolution Models

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) represents the zonally integrated stream function of meridional volume transport in the Atlantic Basin. The AMOC plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the climate system. Observations suggest a heat transport by the AMOC of 1.3 PW at 26°N-a latitude which is close to where the Atlantic northward heat transport is thought to reach its maximum. This shapes the climate of the North Atlantic region as we know it today. In recent years there has been significant progress both in our ability to observe the AMOC in nature and to simulate it in numerical models. Most previous modeling investigations of the AMOC and its impact on climate have relied on models with horizontal resolution that does not resolve ocean mesoscale eddies and the dynamics of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system. As a result of recent increases in computing power, models are now being run that are able to represent mesoscale ocean dynamics and the circulation features that rely on them. The aim of this review is to describe new insights into the AMOC provided by high-resolution models. Furthermore, we will describe how high-resolution model simulations can help resolve outstanding challenges in our understanding of the AMOC. Key Points:• Observations and high-resolution models have changed view on the AMOC pathways • High-resolution models suggest the presence of previously unknown high-frequency AMOC variability • High-resolution models allow to estimate the intrinsic/chaotic component of the AMOCCorrespondence to:

show abstract

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amoc In High‐resolution Models: Where Do We Stand?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High‐Resolution Models

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The figure shows an example of the impact of model resolution on precipitation patterns for a landfalling ar event in central chile on 11 July 2006 (reF. 27 ), simulated by three runs of the hadGem3-Gc3.1 model 166,167 at increasing spatial resolution (left to right, approximately 250, 100 and 50 km coupled model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (cmIP6) nominal resolution, respectively). For comparison, each model is overlaid by daily precipitation from the same high-resolution-analysis product (NceP climate Forecast System (cFSv2) at 0.31° resolution) in contour (starting at 10 mm day −1 and increasing in increments of 10).…”

Section: Atmospheric River Trends and Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses and impacts of atmospheric rivers to climate change

Payne

Demory

Leung

et al. 2020

Nat Rev Earth Environ

209

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are synoptic-scale features characterized by their striking geometry-extending thousands of kilometres in length and an order of magni tude less in width 1-and vertically coherent low-level moisture transport concentrated in the bottom 3 km of the atmosphere 2 (Fig. 1). In total, ARs are estimated to accomplish as much as 90% of poleward moisture transport 3,4 , which, in the North Pacific, averages 700 kg m −1 s −1 (Fig. 1b), more than twice the mean annual discharge found at the mouth of the Amazon River 5. ARs do not describe continuous moisture transport. Rather, they are continually evolving pathways that incorporate moisture from local convergence and evaporation along their track 6,7 or, in select cases, from distant source regions in the tropics or subtropics 8-12. Owing to the complexity of their evolution, our baseline knowledge of AR characteristics at the global scale is uncertain due to the dependency on identification algorithms (Box 1), with factors such as genesis, development and termination only recently being explored 13,14. However, ARs are known to operate as one part of a larger, synoptic-scale dynamical system driving the poleward transport of sensible and latent heat 4,15. They are generally found in the vicinity of extratropical cyclones. Over the North Pacific, for example, 85% of ARs are paired with extratropical cyclones 16 , consistent with their observed relationship with baroclinic instabilities and the mid-latitude storm track 3,6. However, this relationship is nuanced; only 45% of extratropical cyclones over the same region are associated with an AR 16. Similar non-linear relationships are observed in the North Atlantic, where the evolution and life cycle of a single AR can span that of several cyclones 9. While the phenomena are clearly related, their relationship is interactive, with potential implications on the inten sification of storms and the severity of precipitation impacts on land 17,18. Indeed, given their intense moisture transport and moist-neutrality, ARs exhibit conditions that are ideal for forced precipitation, either through interaction with topography or ascent along a warm conveyor belt or frontal boundary 19. Thus, when ARs make landfall, they can have a range of hydrological impacts, including precipitation extremes and related hazards,

show abstract

“…There are several minor differences between the LL and MM resolution version of HadGEM3-GC3.1, which are displayed in Table 2 of Roberts et al (2019).…”

Section: Hadgem3-gc31-ll and Hadgem3-gc31-mmmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models

Keen¹,

Blockley²,

Bailey³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 14 models submitted to the latest Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. Using these diagnostics allows us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover and thickness, to compare the processes of sea ice growth and loss in climate models in a more detailed way than has previously been possible. For the 1960–89 multi-model mean, the dominant processes causing annual ice growth are basal growth and frazil ice formation, which both occur during the winter. The main processes by which ice is lost are basal melting, top melting and advection of ice out of the Arctic. The first two processes occur in summer, while the latter process is present all year. The sea-ice budgets for individual models are strikingly similar overall in terms of the major processes causing ice growth and loss, and in terms of the time of year during which each process is important. However, there are also some key differences between the models. The relative amounts of frazil and basal ice formation varies between the models. This is, to some extent at least, attributable to exactly how the frazil growth is formulated within each model. There are also differences in the relative amounts of top and basal melting. As the ice cover and mass decline during the 21st century, we see a shift in the timing of the top and basal melting in the multi-model mean, with more melt occurring earlier in the year, and less melt later in the summer. The amount of basal growth in the autumn reduces, but the amount of basal growth later in the winter increases due to the ice being thinner. Overall, extra ice loss in May–June and reduced ice growth in October-November is partially offset by reduced ice melt in August and increased ice growth in January–February. For the individual models, changes in the budget components vary considerably in terms of magnitude and timing of change. However, when the evolving budget terms are considered as a function of the changing ice state itself, behaviours common to all the models emerge, suggesting that the sea ice components of the models are fundamentally responding in a broadly consistent way to the warming climate. Additional results from a forced ocean-ice model show that although atmospheric forcing is crucial for the sea ice mass budget, the sea ice physics also plays an important role.

show abstract

Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments

Cited by 162 publications

References 91 publications

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High‐Resolution Models

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High‐Resolution Models

Responses and impacts of atmospheric rivers to climate change

An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About