Description of the Family, Vegetative Morphology and Anatomy

Kellogg, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15332-2_1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In comparison with Arabidopsis and other eudicots, development of the grass embryo and endosperm is distinctive. In particular, unlike the embryo in other monocots, the grass embryo is highly differentiated at maturity, with clear apical and basal meristems, and the cotyledon is highly modified into a large haustorial organ, the scutellum (Takacs et al ., ; Kellogg, , p. 3). The accumulation of starchy compounds in the endosperm is a character that grasses share with other commelinid monocots, including banana.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive identification and clustering of CLV3/ESR‐related (CLE) genes in plants finds groups with potentially shared function

2016

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CLV3/ESR (CLE) proteins are important signaling peptides in plants. The short CLE peptide (12-13 amino acids) is cleaved from a larger pre-propeptide and functions as an extracellular ligand. The CLE family is large and has resisted attempts at classification because the CLE domain is too short for reliable phylogenetic analysis and the pre-propeptide is too variable. We used a model-based search for CLE domains from 57 plant genomes and used the entire pre-propeptide for comprehensive clustering analysis. In total, 1628 CLE genes were identified in land plants, with none recognizable from green algae. These CLEs form 12 groups within which CLE domains are largely conserved and pre-propeptides can be aligned. Most clusters contain sequences from monocots, eudicots and Amborella trichopoda, with sequences from Picea abies, Selaginella moellendorffii and Physcomitrella patens scattered in some clusters. We easily identified previously known clusters involved in vascular differentiation and nodulation. In addition, we found a number of discrete groups whose function remains poorly characterized. Available data indicate that CLE proteins within a cluster are likely to share function, whereas those from different clusters play at least partially different roles. Our analysis provides a foundation for future evolutionary and functional studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive identification and clustering of CLV3/ESR‐related (CLE) genes in plants finds groups with potentially shared function

2016

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“…Moreover, C. barbata has been shown to have antibacterial activity (Natrajan et al, 2012). Several terrestrial plant species of family Poaceae were studied from the anatomical point of view (Kellogg, 2015;Panizzo et al, 2017). The plant species in our study were C. dactylon L. Pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical adaptations in species of Poaceae growing in Al-Hair region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Banan¹,

Al-Watban²,

Doaigey³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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The aim of this work was to determine the anatomical adaptations of leaves and stems of four species of Poaceae (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers., Chloris barbata SW. (Chloridoideae), Setaria verticillata L. P. Beauv., and Panicum coloratum L. (Panicoideae)) growing naturally at Al-Ha'ir region near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cross-sections of the leaves revealed that the epidermis cells were spherical to oval and formed one layer with a thick cuticle as well as numerous bulliform cells in a fan shape and prickles. Ground tissue (mesophyll) consists mostly of chlorenchyma cells. A large vascular bundle surrounded by two bundle sheaths, outer sheath parenchyma and inner sheath sclerenchyma were observed in C. barbata and C. dactylon, while one bundle sheath of sclerenchyma surrounds the vascular bundle in S. verticillata and P. coloratum, while one bundle sheath with chlorenchymatous cells surrounded the small vascular bundles. Our results showed that all species contained a Kranz anatomy indicative of a C4 photosynthetic pathway despite belonging to two different subfamilies, Panicoideae and Chloridoideae. Oil droplets appeared in the mesophyll tissue of P. coloratum and S. verticillata. Crosssections of stems revealed an epidermis which consists of one layer of cells with spherical to oval shape and had a thick cuticle. Ground tissue contains strands of chlorenchyma cells followed by sclerenchyma tissue surrounding vascular bundles, thereby making a continuous cylinder. The vascular bundles were scattered in the ground tissue, with each vascular bundle surrounded by a single sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. Our results indicate that these plants were characterized by anatomical adaptations that enhance drought-tolerance capabilities, facilitating survival in arid and semi-arid regions such as Al-Ha'ir and thus these plants can be used to increase vegetation cover and pasture area in dry environments.

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Regenerative potential, metabolic profile, and genetic stability of Brachypodium distachyon embryogenic calli as affected by successive subcultures

et al. 2017

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Brachypodium distachyon, a model species for forage grasses and cereal crops, has been used in studies seeking improved biomass production and increased crop yield for biofuel production purposes. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the morphogenetic pathway that supports in vitro regeneration of such species. However, there are gaps in terms of studies on the metabolic profile and genetic stability along successive subcultures. The physiological variables and the metabolic profile of embryogenic callus (EC) and embryogenic structures (ES) from successive subcultures (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 360-day-old subcultures) were analyzed. Canonical discriminant analysis separated EC into three groups: 60, 90, and 120 to 240 days. EC with 60 and 90 days showed the highest regenerative potential. EC grown for 90 days and submitted to SE induction in 2 mg L of kinetin-supplemented medium was the highest ES producer. The metabolite profiles of non-embryogenic callus (NEC), EC, and ES submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) separated into two groups: 30 to 240- and 360-day-old calli. The most abundant metabolites for these groups were malonic acid, tryptophan, asparagine, and erythrose. PCA of ES also separated ages into groups and ranked 60- and 90-day-old calli as the best for use due to their high levels of various metabolites. The key metabolites that distinguished the ES groups were galactinol, oxaloacetate, tryptophan, and valine. In addition, significant secondary metabolites (e.g., caffeoylquinic, cinnamic, and ferulic acids) were important in the EC phase. Ferulic, cinnamic, and phenylacetic acids marked the decreases in the regenerative capacity of ES in B. distachyon. Decreased accumulations of the amino acids aspartic acid, asparagine, tryptophan, and glycine characterized NEC, suggesting that these metabolites are indispensable for the embryogenic competence in B. distachyon. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was evaluated by flow cytometry, showing that ploidy instability in regenerated plants from B. distachyon calli is not correlated with callus age. Taken together, our data indicated that the loss of regenerative capacity in B. distachyon EC occurs after 120 days of subcultures, demonstrating that the use of EC can be extended to 90 days.

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Description of the Family, Vegetative Morphology and Anatomy

Cited by 5 publications

References 180 publications

Comprehensive identification and clustering of CLV3/ESR‐related (CLE) genes in plants finds groups with potentially shared function

Comprehensive identification and clustering of CLV3/ESR‐related (CLE) genes in plants finds groups with potentially shared function

Anatomical adaptations in species of Poaceae growing in Al-Hair region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Regenerative potential, metabolic profile, and genetic stability of Brachypodium distachyon embryogenic calli as affected by successive subcultures

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