Description of the Egg Sac of Mimetus Notius (Araneae, Mimetidae) and a Case of Egg Predation by Phalacrotophora Epeirae (Diptera, Phoridae)

Guarisco, Hank

doi:10.1636/0161-8202(2001)029[0267:doteso]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Females carry eggs and postembryos with their chelicerae, and photos of this behavior indicate minimal wrapping with silk. This contrasts with the substantial egg sacs of most other mimetines (Guarisco and Mott 1990, Guarisco 2001, Thaler et al 2004, Harms and Harvey 2009b, Kůrka et al 2015, Killick 2016) and lack of maternal care (Bristowe 1958). also observed maternal care and apparently insubstantial egg sacs in two neotropical mimetines currently placed in Mimetus.…”

Section: Cylindrical Silk Gland (Cy) Spigotsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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External studies of spider spinning fields allow us to make inferences about internal silk gland biology, including what happens to silk glands when the spider molts. Such studies often focus on adults, but juveniles can provide additional insight on spinning apparatus development and character polarity. Here we document and describe spinning fields at all stadia in two species of pirate spider (Mimetidae: Australomimetus spinosus, A. djuka). Pirate spiders nest within the ecribellate orb-building spiders (Araneoidea), but are vagrant, araneophagic members that do not build prey-capture webs. Correspondingly, they lack aggregate and flagelliform silk glands (AG, FL), specialized for forming prey-capture lines in araneoid orb webs. However, occasional possible vestiges of an AG or FL spigot, as observed in one juvenile A. spinosus specimen, are consistent with secondary loss of AG and FL. By comparing spigots from one stadium to tartipores from the next stadium, silk glands can be divided into those that are tartipore-accommodated (T-A), and thus functional during proecdysis, and those that are not (non-T-A). Though evidence was more extensive in A. spinosus, it was likely true for both species that the number of non-T-A piriform silk glands (PI) was constant (two pairs) through all stadia, while numbers of T-A PI rose incrementally. The two species differed in that A. spinosus had T-A minor ampullate and aciniform silk glands (MiA, AC) that were absent in A. djuka. First instars of A. djuka, however, appeared to retain vestiges of T-A MiA spigots, consistent with a plesiomorphic state in which T-A MiA (called secondary MiA) are present. T-A AC have not previously been observed in Australomimetus and the arrangement of their spigots on posterior lateral spinnerets was unlike that seen thus far in other mimetid genera. Though new AC and T-A PI apparently form throughout much of a spider's ontogeny, recurring spigot/tartipore arrangements indicated that AC and PI, after functioning during one stadium, were used again in each subsequent stadium (if non-T-A) or in alternate subsequent stadia (if T-A). In A. spinosus, sexual and geographic dimorphisms involving AC were noted. Cylindrical silk gland (CY) spigots were observed in mid-to-late juvenile, as well as adult, females of both species. Their use in juveniles, however, should not be assumed and only adult CY spigots had wide openings typical of mimetids. Neither species exhibited two pairs of modified PI spigots present in some adult male mimetids.

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Section: Cylindrical Silk Gland (Cy) Spigotsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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“…Parasitoid species of these flies are reported to parasitize mainly spider egg sacs. For example, larvae of Phalacrotophora epeirae Brues 1902, feed on the egg mass of spiders of various families (Muma & Stone 1971;Hieber 1992;Guarisco 2001). In addition, parasitoids of the genus Megaselia have been associated with numerous families of spiders including Araneidae (Finch 2005), Theridiidae and Lycosidae (Rollard 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Megaselia scalaris(Diptera: Phoridae): an opportunistic endoparasitoid of the endangered Mexican redrump tarantula,Brachypelma vagans(Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Machkour‐M’Rabet¹,

Dor

Hénaut

2015

Journal of Arachnology

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“…It should be noted, however, that the beginning of oviposition, as well as the beginning of wrapping the eggs in silk was not observed. Cocoons similar to those made by Theridiosomatidae are also built by Mimetidae (Wiehle, 1931;Guarisco and Mott, 1990;Guarisco, 2001). According to Wiehle (1931), cocoons of T. gemmosum resemble those of the genus Ero C.L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg sac silk of Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)

Hajer¹,

Malý²,

Hrubá

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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Cocoons of Theridiosoma gemmosum consist of two main parts, the egg sac case and the stalk. The inner space of the egg sac case is filled with nonsticky flocculent silk. Measuring 600-800 nm in diameter, the flocculent threads are never made up of bundles of longitudinally oriented nanofibrils. The egg case wall consists of a lower layer of highly ordered threads and an upper layer of cover silk. The lower, permanently white layer consists of threads in a mesh-like arrangement, the thicker threads being 4-6 microm and the thinner threads being 2-3 microm in diameter. Each thread is a bundle of parallel nanofibrils, with a diameter between 150 and 300 nm. The silk secretions of these fibers, emitted from spigots, are processed by legs. The upper layer of the egg case is applied to the threads of the lower layer by direct rubbing against its surface, i.e. without the use of legs. In the lower and middle part of the egg case, the accumulated secretion forms a virtually compact encrustation, whereas in the upper, conically shaped, part of the egg case where it becomes the stalk, this secretion becomes substantially scarcer. The stalk is a continuation of the egg case, its proximal part made of fibers similar to those forming the inner layer of the egg case wall. The distal part of the stalk continues towards the suspension area either as a compact bundle of parallel fibers, or the stalk forks into two bundles of roughly the same thickness, which continue towards the suspension area separately. On the surface of objects onto which cocoons are attached, the secretion of the piriform glands acts as an adhesive sheet.

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Description of the Egg Sac of Mimetus Notius (Araneae, Mimetidae) and a Case of Egg Predation by Phalacrotophora Epeirae (Diptera, Phoridae)

Abstract: The eggsac of the pirate spider, Mimetm notius, is described and compared with eggs of other members of the genus. The phorid fly egg predator, Phalacrotophora epeirae, was reared from a M. notius eggsac.

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Megaselia scalaris(Diptera: Phoridae): an opportunistic endoparasitoid of the endangered Mexican redrump tarantula,Brachypelma vagans(Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Egg sac silk of Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)

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