Description of squeezed surface plasmons

Abstract

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are the combined electron oscillations and electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Recently Huck et al. [Huck A, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 102: 246802] proved that SPPs can be in a squeezed state, and the squeezed surface plasmons can propagate in a gold waveguide. In this paper, we introduce a quantum mechanical description of the squeezed surface plasmons at first, and discuss the influence of the waveguide losses on the squeezed surface plasmons. surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), squeezed state, waveguide losses PACS: 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Nn, 03.65.-w

Critical properties of Cu 6 Sn 5 in electronic devices: Recent progress and a review

“…In Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu/Ni reaction couples, the strain rate transition from soldercontrolled ductile fracture to the IMCs-controlled brittle fracture has also been observed as strain rates increased [65,174]. Moreover, at very high strain rates, the propagation of fracture moves to the substrate side, along the Cu 3 Sn layer [175]. At high strain rates, it has been reported that short aging of around one hour can dramatically reduce the shear strength of Sn-Pb [176], Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag(-Cu) [177] solder joints.…”

Quantization of Surface Plasmon Polariton by Green’s Tensor Method in Amplifying and Attenuating Media

“…( 57)), we consider both attenuating and amplifying systems. Moreover, because of the quantum nature of (57) we can consider these conditions for two different kinds of SPP modes, i.e., coherent and squeezed states [29].…”

“…In Ref. [29], it is mentioned that the SPP operators, like photon operators, satisfy the Bosonic commutation relations. Therefore, we can define the coherent states of SPP as eigenvector of its annihilation operator, in accordance with the definition of the coherent states of radiation field, âR (ω)|α = α|α .…”

“…After observing the quadrature squeezing of SPP in a gold waveguide [35], the quantum mechanical description of these states have been given [29]. The squeezed state of SPP is generated, similar to the squeezed state of radiation field, by applying the squeezed operator on vacuum,…”

“…Moreover, we apply this approach to propagation of the SPP in the amplifying media. Nowadays, because of the significant applications of this field, many efforts have been devoted to the SPP amplification [23][24][25][26][27][28].The quantum approach not only enables us to take into account the SPP amplification, but also the behavior of SPP's different states can be distinguished [29].…”