Description of Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica sp. nov., a β-peptide-degrading species, and emended descriptions of the genus Sphingosinicella and the species Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans

Abstract

Description of Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica sp. nov., a b-peptide-degrading species, and emended descriptions of the genus Sphingosinicella and the species Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans Institut fü r Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitä t Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 3-2W4 T , was isolated from the aeration tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Zurich and was found to have the exceptional capacity to degrade synthetic b-peptides. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 3-2W4 T is closely related to Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans Y2 T , but DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between these two strains revealed that they belong to two different species. The two strains displayed different fingerprints after PCR analysis using the repetitive primers BOX, ERIC and REP. Strain 3-2W4 T did not degrade microcystin, which is a characteristic trait of Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans Y2 T . Like Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans Y2 T , strain 3-2W4 T had the following characteristics: fatty acids comprising mainly C 18 : 1 v7c, summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH) and C 16 : 0 , the presence of ubiquinone Q-10 and sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine compound. The polar lipid profiles of the two strains were almost identical, consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. Strain 3-2W4 T and Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans Y2 T utilized the b-peptides H-bhVal-bhAla-bhLeu-OH and H-bhAla-bhLeu-OH as sole carbon and energy sources and shared b-peptidyl aminopeptidase activity in common, which distinguishes them from Sphingomonas and Sphingopyxis type strains. On the basis of these results, strain 3-2W4 T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingosinicella, for which the name Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3-2W4 T (=DSM 17130 T =CCUG 52537 T ). The descriptions of the genus Sphingosinicella and the species Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans are emended.The synthesis of b-peptides composed of b-homoamino acids with proteinogenic side-chains was achieved for the first time by Seebach et al. (1996). Since then, knowledge has accumulated about the structural properties of b-peptides, their synthesis on the basis of homologated b-amino acids (Seebach et al., 2004), their pharmaceutical applications (Kritzer et al., 2004; Stephens et al., 2005) and their biological stability (Frackenpohl et al., 2001;Lelais & Seebach, 2003;Seebach et al., 1998). b-Amino acids are found in many biological molecules, such as microcystin, paclitaxel (Taxol), carnosine and bestatin, but b-peptides composed solely of b-homoamino acids do not occur in nature. Although b-peptides are of synthetic origin and exhibit extremely high resistance to enzymic degradation, different bacterial consortia have been shown to have the capacity to grow on these substrates (Schreiber et al., 2002). Recently, strain 3-...

Sphingoaurantiacus polygranulatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of the genera Sandarakinorhabdus, Polymorphobacter and Rhizorhabdus and the species Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila, Rhizorhabdus argentea and Sphingomonas wittichii

“…T (Geueke et al, 2007), the strain with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila DSM 17366 T (Gich & Overmann, 2006) and Polymorphobacter multimanifer JCM 18140 T (Fukuda et al, 2014), with which the novel strain forms a monophyletic cluster, and other strains with relatively high similarity, Sphingomonas wittichii DSM 6014 T (Yabuuchi et al, 2001), Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans KCTC 12019 T (Maruyama et al, 2006), Sphingosinicella soli KCTC 12482 T (Yoon et al, 2008), Hephaestia caeni DSM 25527…”

Sphingosinicella soli sp. nov., isolated from an alkaline soil in Korea

“…1). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KSL-125 T shared the same signature nucleotides as those defined for the genus Sphingosinicella, as described by Geueke et al (2007). Strain KSL-125 T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.9 and 99.0 % with respect to the type strains of S. microcystinivorans and S. xenopeptidilytica, respectively, and showed less than 94.2 % sequence similarity with respect to other species used in the phylogenetic analysis.…”

“…Subsequently, another Sphingosinicella species, Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica, was described (Geueke et al, 2007). Here we report on the taxonomic characterization of a Sphingosinicella-like bacterial strain, KSL-125 T , which was isolated from an alkaline soil in Korea.…”

“…Strain KSL-125 T was isolated with the usual dilution plating technique on 106 diluted nutrient agar (Difco) at 30 u C. The type strains of the two Sphingosinicella species were used as reference strains: S. microcystinivorans KCTC 12019 T was obtained from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (Taejon, Korea) and S. xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4 T was obtained from H.-J. Busse (Geueke et al, 2007). To investigate its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain KSL-125 T was routinely cultivated at 30 u C on trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco).…”

“…Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested on TSA plates using antibiotic discs containing the following: polymyxin B, 100 U; streptomycin, 50 mg; penicillin G, 20 U; chloramphenicol, 100 mg; ampicillin, 10 mg; cephalothin, 30 mg; gentamicin, 30 mg; novobiocin, 5 mg; tetracycline, 30 mg; kanamycin, 30 mg; lincomycin, 15 mg; oleandomycin, 15 mg; neomycin, 30 mg; carbenicillin, 100 mg. Other physiological and biochemical tests were performed with the API 20E system (bioMérieux). The occurrence of genes mlrA, mlrB, mlrC, mlrD and puf was investigated by using primers and conditions described previously (Saito et al, 2003;Geueke et al, 2007); S. microcystinivorans KCTC 12019 T and S. xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4 T were used as positive or negative controls.…”