Description of Phytomonas oxycareni n. sp. from the Salivary Glands of Oxycarenus lavaterae

Seward, Emily A.; Votýpka, Jan; Kment, Petr; Lukeš, Julius; Kelly, Steven L.

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2016.11.002

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The used primers target a 480-bp fragment of the mitochondrial CytB gene. For amplifying trypanosomatid parasite DNA, each DNA sample was subjected to nested PCR (Seward et al 2017). The used primers target a ~ 2000-bp fragment of the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (SSU) gene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan parasites in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Vienna

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) and kinetoplastid (Trypanosoma spp.) parasites are common vector-borne pathogens in birds worldwide; however, knowledge about vector competence of different mosquito species is currently lacking. For a pilot project examining vector competence of mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex and Culex torrentium for protozoan parasites in the city of Vienna, 316 individual mosquitoes were sampled in the months June–August 2017 around the campus of the Veterinary University of Vienna. Since vector competence for avian Plasmodium can only be ascertained by finding infectious sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands, special emphasis was on examining these, or at least insect thoraxes, which contain the salivary glands. After species identification, the mosquitoes were processed in three different ways to determine the best method of visually detecting protozoan parasites in salivary glands: (1) microscopic examination of individual, fixed and Giemsa-stained salivary glands, (2) microscopic examination of stained sections of individually fixed and embedded mosquito thoraxes and (3) stained sections of individual whole insects. Material from all three groups was also subjected to PCR to detect avian haemosporidian and trypanosomatid parasite DNA. PCR was performed on all 316 collected mosquitoes, with 37 pools (n = 2–10) of 263 individuals and 53 single individuals in all together 90 PCR reactions. Avian Plasmodium was found in 18 (20%) and trypanosomatid parasites were found in 10 (11.1%) of the examined samples and pools yielded a higher proportion of positives than did individual samples. Six different species of protozoan parasites were identified, namely Plasmodium vaughani SYAT05 which was the most common, P. elongatum GRW6, P. relictum SGS1, Trypanosoma avium, T. culicavium and Crithidia dedva. Seventy-seven mosquito salivary glands were dissected and stained with Giemsa solution. Of these, one (1.3%) featured sporozoites and one (1.3%) trypanosomatid parasites. While the trypanosomes were identified as T. avium, the avian Plasmodium species were present in a mixed infection with P. vaughani SYAT05 as the dominant species. In conclusion, mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex are very likely vectors of different avian Plasmodium and Trypanosoma species and PCR was the most successful and reliable method for parasite detection in mosquito samples, delivering higher rates and more accurate results. The visual detection of parasite stages in the salivary glands was more difficult and only a few specimens were detected using Giemsa stain and chromogenic in situ hybridization. For further studies on vector competence of different protozoan parasites in mosquitoes, the use of PCR-based methods would be preferable.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan parasites in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Vienna

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We used the nested PCR analysis protocol for Trypanosoma spp. detection described in Seward et al (2017). The PCR was performed using Mini Opticon (Bio-Rad, USA), with reactions undertaken in a 20 μl reaction mixture containing 10 μl 2 × EmeraldAmp Max PCR Master Mix (Takara, Japan), 4 μl water, 0.5 μl of each primer (10 pmol/μl) and a 5 μl aliquot of isolated DNA in the first round, and 5 μl of the PCR product from the first round instead of DNA in the second round.…”

Section: Detection Of Trypanosomes In Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomes in Eastern and Central European bats

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bats are presumed primary hosts of trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum, including the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. As such, research on bat trypanosomes has been focused on South America, where Chagas disease is a serious issue. While the majority of European studies have been performed in the United Kingdom, there is virtually no data available for Eastern and Central parts of Europe. To address this, the present study aims to identify and assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of trypanosomes in bats sampled in the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and Poland. Blood collected from 381 adult bats of eight species was tested for presence of trypanosomes using nested polymerase chain reactions. To assess possible impacts of trypanosome parasites on the health status of their hosts, haematological and biochemical analyses were performed for 56 greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) emerging from hibernacula and 36 females of the same species from summer colonies. The overall prevalence of the two trypanosome species detected (T. dionisii and T. vespertilionis) was 27%, with a significantly higher prevalence in the Czech Republic compared to the other countries studied. Significant differences in bat trypanosome prevalence in different European countries appear to be connected with presence or absence of possible vectors in summer roosts. No impact of trypanosomes on haematology and blood chemistry parameters was detected in Trypanosoma-positive greater mouse-eared bats. Though T. dionisii infection in bats appears asymptomatic, long-term health consequences still need to be studied in greater detail.

show abstract

“…In contrast to this, B. raabei massively attacks the enterocytes, which is reminiscent of the behavior of some dixenous trypanosomatids in the salivary glands (not the gut!) of the insect host [39,[69][70][71]75]. However, in those dixenous species, the intracellular flagellates represent the migrating stages, whereas in the species under study they are not.…”

Section: Peculiar Development In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

If host is refractory, insistent parasite goes berserk: Trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here we characterized the development of the trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus using light and electron microscopy. This parasite has been previously reported to occur in the host hemolymph, which is rather typical for dixenous trypanosomatids transmitted to a plant or vertebrate with insect's saliva. In addition, C. marginatus has an unusual organization of the intestine, which makes it refractory to microbial infections: two impassable segments isolate the anterior midgut portion responsible for digestion and absorption from the posterior one containing symbiotic bacteria. Our results refuted the possibility of hemolymph infection, but revealed that the refractory nature of the host provokes very aggressive behavior of the parasite and makes its life cycle more complex, reminiscent of that in some dixenous trypanosomatids. In the pre-barrier midgut portion, the epimastigotes of B. raabei attach to the epithelium and multiply similarly to regular insect trypanosomatids. However, when facing the impassable constricted region, the parasites rampage and either fiercely break through the isolating segments or attack the intestinal epithelium in front of the barrier. The cells of the latter group pass to the basal lamina and accumulate there, causing degradation of the epitheliocytes and thus helping the epimastigotes of the former group to advance posteriorly. In the symbiont-containing post-barrier midgut segment, the parasites either attach to bacterial cells and produce cyst-like amastigotes (CLAs) or infect enterocytes. In the rectum, all epimastigotes attach either to the cuticular lining or to each other and form CLAs. We argue that in addition to the specialized life cycle B. raabei possesses functional cell enhancements important either for the successful passage through the intestinal barriers (enlarged rostrum and well-developed Golgi complex) or as food reserves (vacuoles in the posterior end).

show abstract

Description of Phytomonas oxycareni n. sp. from the Salivary Glands of Oxycarenus lavaterae

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Protozoan parasites in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Vienna

Protozoan parasites in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Vienna

Trypanosomes in Eastern and Central European bats

If host is refractory, insistent parasite goes berserk: Trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About