Recently, we proposed a computational
design strategy for organic
nonlinear optical materials, based on the global minimization of lattice
energy to predict the crystal packing from the first principles. Here,
we validate this strategy on triiodobenzenes, which include CH···I
hydrogen and I···I halogen bonding as the structure-determining
components of their intermolecular interactions. To refine the van
der Waals (vdW) parameters for an I atom, the ab initio potential
surfaces for the model dimers were calculated at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ
+ CP theory level. The hydrogen bond C–H···I
was found to have an interaction energy of −0.5 kcal/mol. The
I···I contact of type I (140°–140°)
was found to be attractive with a well depth of −0.4 kcal/mol
at a 4.6 Å distance, whereas type II contact (180°–90°)
was found to be nearly twice more attractive. Its potential well depth
reaches −0.7 kcal/mol at an I···I distance of
4.4 Å. These binding energies are therefore weaker than that
of the typical hydrogen bonds. The AMOEBA force-field vdW parameters
were fit to describe these interactions and used to predict the crystal
structures. Our structure prediction, followed by density functional
theorymany-body dispersion ranking established the noncentrosymmetric
crystal packing to be the global minimum, in agreement with the experimental
data. The coupled perturbed Kohn–Sham approach was used to
estimate nonlinear susceptibility, and the predicted values were compared
to that of the urea standard. The statistical analysis of the angular
distribution for the I···I contacts in the predicted
virtual polymorphs was compared to that found among the experimental
crystal structures of iodoaromatic compounds. In both cases, symmetric
(type I) contacts dominate for shorter and longer I···I
distances, whereas L-shaped (type II) contacts are preferred for intermediate
distances.