“…Porosity is often used to characterize the state of packing in these materials. This scalar measure, however, has been found to be insufficient to characterize their directional behavior and higher order microstructure variables known as ''fabric tensors'' have been used to describe the distribution and orientation of grains and voids (Oda et al, 1985;Mehrabadi et al, 1982;Tobita, 1989;Pietruszczak and Krucinski, 1989a;Bathurst and Rothenburg, 1990;Muhunthan et al, 1996). Models incorporating these fabric measures are also extant in the literature (Chang and Hicher, 2005;Kachanov and Sevostianov, 2005).…”