Description of Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans sp. nov., an anaerobe that produces hydrogen from glucose, and emended description of the genus Anaerobaculum

Abstract

A novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, NaCl-requiring fermentative bacterium, strain OS1T, was isolated from oil production water collected from Alaska, USA. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods (1.7–2.7 × 0.4–0.5 µm). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain OS1T was 46.6 mol%. The optimum temperature, pH and NaCl concentration for growth of strain OS1T were 55 °C, pH 7 and 10 g l−1, respectively. The bacterium fermented d-fructose, d-glucose, maltose, d-mannose, α-ketoglutarate, l-glutamate, malonate, pyruvate, l-tartrate, l-asparagine, Casamino acids, l-cysteine, l-histidine, l-leucine, l-phenylalanine, l-serine, l-threonine, l-valine, inositol, inulin, tryptone and yeast extract. When grown on d-glucose, 3.86 mol hydrogen and 1.4 mol acetate were produced per mol substrate. Thiosulfate, sulfur and l-cystine were reduced to sulfide, and crotonate was reduced to butyrate with glucose as the electron donor. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain OS1T was related to Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (99.7 % similarity to the type strain), a member of the phylum Synergistetes . DNA–DNA hybridization between strain OS1T and A. thermoterrenum DSM 13490T yielded 68 % relatedness. Unlike A. thermoterrenum , strain OS1T fermented malonate, maltose, tryptone, l-leucine and l-phenylalanine, but not citrate, fumarate, lactate, l-malate, glycerol, pectin or starch. The major cellular fatty acid of strain OS1T was iso-C15 : 0 (91 % of the total). Strain OS1T also contained iso-C13 : 0 3-OH (3 %), which was absent from A. thermoterrenum , and iso-C13 : 0 (2 %), which was absent from Anaerobaculum mobile . On the basis of these results, strain OS1T represents a novel species of the genus Anaerobaculum , for which the name Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OS1T ( = DSM 22491T = ATCC BAA-1850T). An emended description of the genus Anaerobaculum is also given.

Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field

“…EF559200), from a T and related genera of the phylum Synergistetes Taxa: 1, strain 4F6E T (data from this study); 2, Aminiphilus (Díaz et al, 2007); 3, Aminobacterium (unless indicated, data from Baena et al, 1998Baena et al, , 2000; 4, Aminomonas (Baena et al, 1999b); 5, Anaerobaculum (Rees et al, 1997;Menes & Muxí, 2002;Maune & Tanner, 2012); 6, Cloacibacillus (Ganesan et al, 2008); 7, Dethiosulfovibrio (unless indicated, data from Magot et al, 1997;Surkov et al, 2001;Díaz-Cárdenas et al, 2010);8, Fretibacterium (Vartoukian et al, 2013);9, Jonquetella (Jumas-Bilak et al, 2007); 10, Pyramidobacter (Downes et al, 2009);11, Synergistes (Allison et al, 1992); 12, Thermanaerovibrio (Guangsheng et al, 1992;Baena et al, 1999a;Zavarzina et al, 2000); 13, Thermovirga (Dahle & Birkeland, 2006). +, Positive; 2, negative; ND, no data available.…”

“…Among species of the Synergistetes, carbohydrate utilization has been observed with Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (Rees et al, 1997), Anaerobaculum mobile (Menes & Muxí, 2002) and Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans (Maune & Tanner, 2012).…”

Reclassification of Anaerobaculum mobile, Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum, Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans as Acetomicrobium mobile comb. nov., Acetomicrobium thermoterrenum comb. nov. and Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans comb. nov., respectively, and emendation of the genus Acetomicrobium

“…Isolated from oil production water collected from Alaska, USA. The properties are as given by Maune & Tanner (2012). …”

“…Its topology was also supported using the maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. The results indicate that Acetomicrobium flavidum pertains to the family Synergistaceae, phylum Synergistetes, having Anaerobaculum mobile (99.9 % similarity) (Menes & Muxí, 2002), Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans (96.8 % similarity) (Maune & Tanner, 2012) and Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (96.4 % similarity) (Rees et al, 1997), as its closest phylogenetic relatives (Fig. 1).…”

“…To date, three species have been described within the genus Anaerobaculum. Beside Anaerobaculum mobile, which was isolated from an anaerobic wool-scouring wastewater treatment lagoon (Menes & Muxí, 2002), Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum and Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans originated from oil production waters (Rees et al, 1997;Maune & Tanner, 2012).…”