Description of an Interface Light-Scattering Spectrometer with a Cylindrical High-Pressure Scattering Cell Including Performance Test on a Model Gas-Condensate System

Bjørkvik, Bård J.A.; Strømme, G.; Sikkeland, T.; Strand, Knut Arne; Waaler, Dag; Munkerud, P.K.; Akervoll, Idar; Solheim, Astrid Vamråk

doi:10.1006/jcis.1994.1153

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…If the reservoir fluid is a near-critical fluid, the gas/oil IFT increases slowly from very low values (typically, below 0.01 dyn/cm) to several dynes per cm. [8][9][10] Similar variations occur in near-miscible gas injection processes, in which mixtures of the injected gas+oil-in-place are generated with compositions that pass near a critical point. 11 The parameters that characterize the flow process (i.e., the phase permeabilities and the residual saturations) are correlated with the gas/oil IFT via the dimensionless groups that gauge the importance of IFT forces relative to the other forces involved: buoyancy forces in gravity-dominated (vertical) flows and viscous forces in horizontal displacements.…”

Section: Spe 71495mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…On the other hand, the ratio γ og /µ, where µ is the sum of the viscosities of the coexisting oil and gas phases, is related to the damping of spontaneous (thermal) waves at the gas/oil interface; it can be directly measured [in addition to the ratio γ og /(ρ l +ρ v )] by the interface laser light scattering technique. [9][10] The parachor correlation. A common ingredient for evaluating the inverse Bond and capillary numbers is the socalled parachor correlation.…”

Section: Behavior Of the Inverse Bond And Capillary Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial Effects in Gas-Condensate Recovery and Gas Injection Processes

Melean¹,

Bureau²,

Broseta³

2001

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractGas condensate production and gas injection processes are strongly influenced by the gas/oil (or condensate) interfacial tension and by the wetting behavior of oil on the porous substrate. Oil (condensate) recovery is favored by low gas/oil (condensate) interfacial tensions and by complete wetting of oil (condensate) on the water phase that often covers the porous rock. The relevant parameters are dimensionless numbers that measure the importance of the oil/gas interfacial tension relative to gravity (Bond number) and to viscous (capillary number) forces. Another important parameter is the oil/gas contact angle on the water that often covers the porous substrate: a zero contact angle corresponds to complete wetting of oil, while a finite angle corresponds to partial wetting. These parameters are increasingly used in modern reservoir simulators for estimating oil and gas residual saturations and relative permeabilities.We analyze how these parameters vary with the operating conditions (e.g., pressure) and the nature of the injection gas: CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 . On approach to gas/oil complete miscibility, both the capillary and Bond numbers diverge, i.e., viscous and buoyancy forces dominate over capillary forces. For nearmiscible conditions, these numbers obey simple scaling laws as a function of the distance to complete miscibility. The prefactors of these scaling laws depend on the particular oil+gas system, which allows to classify the efficiency of the different injection gases. For reducing capillary forces with respect to the viscous or buoyancy forces, supercritical CO 2 is more advantageous than off-critical CO 2 or CH 4 , which themselves are more advantageous than N 2 .We also present a simple calculation scheme for predicting the conditions under which the transition to complete wetting of oil on water occurs, i.e., the oil/gas contact angle vanishes.The only ingredients needed are the composition and densities of the three coexisting phases (water, oil and gas), calculated by means of an appropriate equation of state. The essential result is that under typical operating conditions, oils or condensates spread on water, the transition to partial wetting being remote from complete miscibility conditions. CO 2 is the most effective in promoting the wetting (or spreading) of the oil phase on water, followed by CH 4 and then by N 2 .

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Section: Spe 71495mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Behavior Of the Inverse Bond And Capillary Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Effects in Gas-Condensate Recovery and Gas Injection Processes

Melean¹,

Bureau²,

Broseta³

2001

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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“…The light scattering method takes advantage of that the interface between two fluids is never perfectly flat. [11][12][13][14][15] Thermal motion of the molecules creates a little roughness. Although the mean displacement from the flat equilibrium position is very small, the roughness will result in a detectable amount of light being diffusely scattered around the regular specular reflection when a laser beam is sent to and then reflected at such a fluid surface, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Ift Measurement Using the Lls Tehniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Flow Properties and Interfacial Tensions for Gas Condensate Systems

Zhang¹,

Bjørkvik²,

Moffatt³

2000

Proceedings of SPE/CERI Gas Technology Symposium

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe Karachaganak gas condensate field in Kazakstan is a one of the largest gas condensate fields in the world. The success of the field development by pressure depletion depends on the mobility of the gas and condensate below dewpoint. An experimental programme is designed to generate phase relative permeabilities and quantify critical condensate saturations at different flow velocities and interfacial tensions. Accurate determination of fluid properties and interfacial tensions at reservoir conditions is essential to the optimisation of the depletion strategy and is strongly associated with the quality of the experimental coreflood data analysis and hence the results of reservoir performance predictions. This paper presents experimental measurements of pressure-volume-temperature properties of the gas condensate samples from a Karachaganak well. For the first time a relatively detailed comparative discussion is provided on usefulness of the three experimental methods for measurement of low interfacial tensions in gas condensates at reservoir conditions, viz. the drop-shape-based pendant and spinning drop methods, and a laser light scattering method. The laser light scattering technique appears to be the most suitable approach for the determination of low interfacial tension in terms of precision and operation. It has successfully been used to measure interfacial tensions for the Karachaganak gas condensate fluid at elevated reservoir pressures and temperatures.

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Surface light scattering: a methodological review

Earnshaw¹

1997

Appl. Opt.

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The methods used in the application of light scattering to the study of thermally excited capillary waves on liquid surface or interfaces are reviewed. The focus is on the use of photon correlation to determine the spectroscopic information carried by the scattered light. Particular attention is directed to extraction of the maximum amount of information from the data, including surface viscoelastic parameters and intensities.

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Description of an Interface Light-Scattering Spectrometer with a Cylindrical High-Pressure Scattering Cell Including Performance Test on a Model Gas-Condensate System

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Interfacial Effects in Gas-Condensate Recovery and Gas Injection Processes

Interfacial Effects in Gas-Condensate Recovery and Gas Injection Processes

Measurement of Flow Properties and Interfacial Tensions for Gas Condensate Systems

Surface light scattering: a methodological review

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