Description of a poorly differentiated carcinoma within the brainstem of a white whale (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>) from magnetic resonance images and histological analysis

Ridgway, Sam H.; Marino, Lori; Lipscomb, T. P.

doi:10.1002/ar.10183

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…50 An unusual epithelial tumor was diagnosed in the brainstem of a beluga whale (D. leucas). 88 Immunohistochemistry supported epithelial differentiation based on cytokeratin positivity and vimentin negativity. Neurologic markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase were negative.…”

Section: Beluga Whalesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Marine Mammal Neoplasia: A Review

2006

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A review of the published literature indicates that marine mammal neoplasia includes the types and distributions of tumors seen in domestic species. A routine collection of samples from marine mammal species is hampered, and, hence, the literature is principally composed of reports from early whaling expeditions, captive zoo mammals, and epizootics that affect larger numbers of animals from a specific geographic location. The latter instances are most important, because many of these long-lived, free-ranging marine mammals may act as environmental sentinels for the health of the oceans. Examination of large numbers of mortalities reveals incidental proliferative and neoplastic conditions and, less commonly, identifies specific malignant cancers that can alter population dynamics. The best example of these is the presumptive herpesvirus-associated metastatic genital carcinomas found in California sea lions. Studies of tissues from St. Lawrence estuary beluga whales have demonstrated a high incidence of neoplasia and produced evidence that environmental contamination with high levels of polychlorinated biphenols and dichlorophenyl trichloroethane might be the cause. In addition, viruses are suspected to be the cause of gastric papillomas in belugas and cutaneous papillomas in Florida manatees and harbor porpoises. While experimental laboratory procedures can further elucidate mechanisms of neoplasia, continued pathologic examination of marine mammals will also be necessary to follow trends in wild populations.

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Section: Beluga Whalesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Neurologic markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase were negative. 88 The carcinoma may have arisen from an epidermoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle or it might have metastasized to the brain from an undetected site. Primary epithelial neoplasia is rare in the central nervous system of any species.…”

Section: Beluga Whalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Mammal Neoplasia: A Review

2006

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable method for elucidating normal neuroanatomical structures (Marino et al, 2001a– c, 2002, 2003a, b) and neuropathologies (Ridgway et al, 2002) in several species within the cetacean suborder Odontoceti (i.e., toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises). MRI allows the visualization of brain structures in a normal three‐dimensional (3D) arrangement without histological artifacts and distortions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical structure of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris orientalis) brain from magnetic resonance images

et al. 2004

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High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain of an adult spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris orientalis) were acquired in the coronal plane at 55 antero-posterior levels. From these scans a computergenerated set of resectioned virtual images in the two remaining orthogonal planes was constructed with the use of the VoxelView and VoxelMath (Vital Images, Inc.) programs. Neuroanatomical structures were labeled in all three planes, providing the first labeled anatomical description of the spinner dolphin brain. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: spinner dolphin; brain; neuroanatomy; MRI; magnetic resonance imagingThe unusual brain of cetaceans evinces a unique combination of features that are generally dissimilar to those observed in other mammalian brains. These differences are found at the level of the cortical cytological and chemical architecture Glezer et al., , 1992a Glezer et al., , b, 1993Glezer et al., , 1995aGlezer et al., , 1999Morgane et al., 1990;Hof et al., 1992Hof et al., , 1995Hof et al., , 1999Hof et al., , 2000, cortical surface configuration (Jacobs et al., 1979;Morgane et al., 1980;Haug, 1969), and subcortical structure (Tarpley and Ridgway, 1994;Glezer et al., 1995b;Marino et al., 2000). Furthermore, cetacean brains are highly elaborated and convoluted, and exhibit hyperproliferation of the hemispheres in all regions but the frontal lobe (Morgane et al., 1980). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable method for elucidating normal neuroanatomical structures (Marino et al., 2001a(Marino et al., -c, 2002(Marino et al., , 2003a and neuropathologies (Ridgway et al., 2002) in several species within the cetacean suborder Odontoceti (i.e., toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises). MRI allows the visualization of brain structures in a normal three-dimensional (3D) arrangement without histological artifacts and distortions. MRI-based neuroanatomical studies have elucidated a number of similarities and differences across odontocete brains (Marino et al., 2001a(Marino et al., -c, 2002(Marino et al., , 2003a.Although our knowledge of odontocete brains is increasing, there is essentially no literature regarding the brain of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). S. longirostris is one of five recognized Stenella species within the family Delphinidae. S. longirostris is a gregarious, deepwater species that subsumes several geographical varieties. The species is known for its habit of performing spectacular leaps and spins out of the water. Until now, however, the only published papers referring to the brain of S. longirostris have been limited to reports concerning the size of the whole brain and body (Marino, 2002) and the corpus callosum (Tarpley and Ridgway, 1994). There has been no neuroanatomical description of the spinner dolphin brain. In the present work we present the first MRI-based, anatomically-labeled, three-dimensional (3D) description of the brain of a spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris orientalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS SpecimenThe specime...

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“…Due to the important variations in density among anatomical structures, the cetacean cephalic region has proved to be an excellent anatomical area to be examined through CT and MRI. The usefulness of these techniques has been demonstrated in cetacean neuroanatomical (Montie et al., , ; Oelschläger et al., , ), functional (Amundin and Cranford, ; Houser et al., ; Soldevilla et al., ; Ridgway et al., ; Cranford et al., ; Montie et al., ) and pathological (Ridgway et al., ; Zucca et al., ) research. Although MRI anatomical features of different cetacean species including the common dolphin have been described from brains extracted from the skull and fixed in formalin (Marino et al., , ), the procedures of removal and fixation may affect the spatial relationships, the integrity and the dimensions of the brain structures (Montie et al., ) and thus not allowing a clinical or pathological use of the image data sets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional Anatomy, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head of Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)

Alonso

Gonzalo-Orden

Barreiro-Vázquez

et al. 2014

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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Computed tomography (CT) and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to scan seven by-caught dolphin cadavers, belonging to two species: four common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and three striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). CT and MRI were obtained with the animals in ventral recumbency. After the imaging procedures, six dolphins were frozen at -20°C and sliced in the same position they were examined. Not only CT and MRI scans, but also cross sections of the heads were obtained in three body planes: transverse (slices of 1 cm thickness) in three dolphins, sagittal (5 cm thickness) in two dolphins and dorsal (5 cm thickness) in two dolphins. Relevant anatomical structures were identified and labelled on each cross section, obtaining a comprehensive bi-dimensional topographical anatomy guide of the main features of the common and the striped dolphin head. Furthermore, the anatomical cross sections were compared with their corresponding CT and MRI images, allowing an imaging identification of most of the anatomical features. CT scans produced an excellent definition of the bony and air-filled structures, while MRI allowed us to successfully identify most of the soft tissue structures in the dolphin's head. This paper provides a detailed anatomical description of the head structures of common and striped dolphins and compares anatomical cross sections with CT and MRI scans, becoming a reference guide for the interpretation of imaging studies.

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Description of a poorly differentiated carcinoma within the brainstem of a white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from magnetic resonance images and histological analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Marine Mammal Neoplasia: A Review

Marine Mammal Neoplasia: A Review

Neuroanatomical structure of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris orientalis) brain from magnetic resonance images

Cross-sectional Anatomy, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head of Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)

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