The larval stage of Neolimnochares johnstoni Smith and Cook, 2005 is first described in detail, the larva of a similar undescribed species, Neolimnochares sp. B, see Table 1, is recorded from Peru. Larvae attributed to Limnochares (Cyclothrix) australica Lundblad, 1941a by Martin and Smit (2002) are considered to belong to Neolimnochares Lundblad, 1941c. Neolimnocharinae subfam. n. is proposed and discussed. For larvae assigned to this subfamily, parasitic on veliid water bugs (Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865) and with extraordinary morphological modifications, new taxa are proposed: Veliacola gen. n., (V. mirificus sp. n., Madagascar); Archaeveliacola gen. n. (A. papuanus sp. n., Indonesia, A. smiti sp. n., Australia); Armaveliacola gen. n. (A. rhagoveliae sp. n., Madagascar, A. major sp. n., Madagascar, A. minor sp. n., Cameroon, Kenya); Isoveliacola gen. n. (I. costaricensis sp. n., Costa Rica, I. borneoensis sp. n., Indonesia). Additional records are: Veliacola sp. (Dominican Republic), Archaeveliacola sp. (Bolivia), and Isoveliacola sp. (Belize). Neolimnochares (Paracyclothrix) Lundblad, 1967 is synonymised with Limnochares (Cyclothrix) Wolcott, 1905, resulting in Limnochares (Cyclothrix) hyaliniseta (Lundblad, 1969) comb. n., and L. (C.) longimaxillaris (Lundblad, 1969) comb. n. (both Myanmar). Running Title: Water mite larvae parasitising Rhagovelia KEYWORDS water mites; Neolimnocharinae subfam. nov.; taxonomy; parasitism; Veliidae History (NHMW), the Bavarian State Collection, Munich (ZSM), the Smithsonian Institution, Washington (USNM) and MNHN. The present paper aims to clarify the taxonomic position of the water mite larvae parasitising Veliidae. Laboratory rearing of parasitic larvae to deutonymphs identified as Neolimnochares johnstoni Smith and Cook, 2005 permitted the first correlation for a member of this genus. Comparison with the other larvae described here in turn allowed their plausible attribution to the family Limnocharidae.
Material and methods
Museum collections and field work
Museum collectionsWater bugs were examined for larvae in the following institutions, and the following abbreviations are used: Canadian National Collection, Ontario (CNCO): Specimens sampled in Ontario, Canada, by B.P. Smith. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN): The slide in the Trouessart collection containing the mite larvae, collected by Alluaud and examined by Koenike (1898), was rediscovered during a PARSYST project on the water mite fauna of Madagascar (Gerecke 2004). During the course of further investigations in 2011, in the framework of the EU-SYNTHESYS project, these specimens were studied in more detail and the collection of African aquatic Heteroptera in the Entomological Department of the MNHN (curator E.Guilbert) was surveyed for additional material. A total number of 46 boxes with dry material (eight of them reserved for aquatic families) and four jars with ethanol-preserved specimens from coll. Millot (1946Millot ( -1948 were screened for further specimens parasitised by mite larvae.The dry mate...