“…The study of lampyrid diversity has been hampered by a lack of taxonomic revisionary work and diagnostic resources to facilitate species identification, particularly in the Neotropics, where the family is most diverse. Despite recent advances in the Lampyrid classification remains unstable despite recent advances (e.g., [3]), and relationships among genera, as well as their monophyly, remain largely unexplored outside Luciolinae [4] (but see [10,11,15]). In order to determine the placement of these new species in Lampyridae, we included in our taxon sampling representatives of the four subfamilies that are known to occur in South America, namely, Psilocladinae (Psilocladus miltoderus Blanchard, 1846), Amydetinae (Amydetes fastigiata Illiger, 1807), and Lampyrinae, in addition to the taxa incertae sedis (Araucariocladus hiems Silveira & Mermudes, 2017, and Vesta thoracica Olivier, 1790).…”