Description and Measurement of Carpet Appearance

Abstract

A review is presented of the WRONZ approach for measuring carpet appearance using digital image analysis. The emphasis in this paper is on practical aspects, and it highlights recent research findings, particularly the benefits of high-pass filtering. Var ious parameters that are considered to be necessary to fully characterize the textural properties of new and worn carpets are defined, illustrated, and discussed. Texture parameters include tuft definition, pile lightness, texture coarseness, directionality, coherence, tuft-size uniformity, and bright-spot density. The relative importance of these parameters in describing initial carpet texture and the changes in texture caused by wear depends on the kind of carpet being measured. Potential applications of the technology to quality control in carpet manufacture are now being explored with the cooperation of a local mill.

Useful life prediction of woolen hand-knotted carpets using multivariate multiple regression

“…where ΔL * is the lightness difference, Δa * is red/green difference, and Δb * is yellow/blue difference between original and worn out carpet samples (Westland & Ripamonti, 2004;Wood, 1993). In this study, the effects of color changes of pile yarns due to soiling and staining in use was neglected and wearing effects of surface pile yarns was only considered.…”

“…This simulation was performed by a Hexapod tumbler tester according to ISO 10361 standard; Production of changes in appearance by means of Vettermann drum and Hexapod tumbler testers. Each carpet sample (a rectangle with dimensions of 20 by 22.5 cm) was worn under 4000, 8000, and 12,000 drum revolutions (Wood, 1993;Onder & Berklap, 2001). Wear intensity was also considered as an independent variable at four levels.…”

“…Image analysis and techniques of digital image processing have shown great potential as an automated approach for quantitative evaluation of carpet appearance changes (Wilding et al, 1990;Wood, 1993;Wu et al, 1991).…”

Resilience behaviors of woven acrylic carpets under short- and long-term static loading

“…Furthermore, a number of empirical and analytical models have been developed to predict the different factors affecting the thickness changes of a carpet. One of the proposed mathematical models predicts the life of cut pile wool carpet by using probability fracture mechanics in which life distribution of wool fibers is redefined as the cumulative probability of the fatigue failures of single fibers (Carnaby, 1981;Liu, Tandon, & Wood, 2002;Wood, 1993).…”

“…As a result, pile flattening, reduction in pile or tuft clarity, shading, soiling, or loss of color, all of which highly affect the lifetime of the carpet, can occur (Wood, 1993). Additionally, manufacturers are constantly under pressure to reduce waste and find alternative means of utilizing their waste (Miraftab et al, 2005).…”